Replace minio-go with aws-sdk-go for s3-compatible log backend (#670)

* Logs should support specifying region when using S3-compatible object store

* Use aws-sdk-go client for s3 backed logstore

* fixes vendor with aws-sdk-go dependencies
This commit is contained in:
Gerardo Viedma
2018-01-10 17:44:04 +00:00
committed by Reed Allman
parent 930d1e8dcc
commit 60d2e92c9a
2817 changed files with 1881133 additions and 33102 deletions

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# Example
This example shows how the CloudFront CookieSigner can be used to generate signed cookies to provided short term access to restricted resourced fronted by CloudFront.
# Usage
Makes a request for object using CloudFront cookie signing, and outputs the contents of the object to stdout.
```sh
go run -tags example signCookies.go -file <privkey file> -id <keyId> -r <resource pattern> -g <object to get>
```

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// +build example
package main
import (
"flag"
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/cloudfront/sign"
)
// Makes a request for object using CloudFront cookie signing, and outputs
// the contents of the object to stdout.
//
// Usage example:
// signCookies -file <privkey file> -id <keyId> -r <resource pattern> -g <object to get>
func main() {
var keyFile string // Private key PEM file
var keyID string // Key pair ID of CloudFront key pair
var resource string // CloudFront resource pattern
var object string // S3 object frontented by CloudFront
flag.StringVar(&keyFile, "file", "", "private key file")
flag.StringVar(&keyID, "id", "", "key pair id")
flag.StringVar(&resource, "r", "", "resource to request")
flag.StringVar(&object, "g", "", "object to get")
flag.Parse()
// Load the PEM file into memory so it can be used by the signer
privKey, err := sign.LoadPEMPrivKeyFile(keyFile)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("failed to load key,", err)
return
}
// Create the new CookieSigner to get signed cookies for CloudFront
// resource requests
signer := sign.NewCookieSigner(keyID, privKey)
// Get the cookies for the resource. These will be used
// to make the requests with
cookies, err := signer.Sign(resource, time.Now().Add(1*time.Hour))
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("failed to sign cookies", err)
return
}
// Use the cookies in a http.Client to show how they allow the client
// to request resources from CloudFront.
req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", object, nil)
fmt.Println("Cookies:")
for _, c := range cookies {
fmt.Printf("%s=%s;\n", c.Name, c.Value)
req.AddCookie(c)
}
// Send and handle the response. For a successful response the object's
// content will be written to stdout. The same process could be applied
// to a http service written cookies to the response but using
// http.SetCookie(w, c,) on the ResponseWriter.
resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("failed to send request", err)
return
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("failed to read requested body", err)
return
}
fmt.Println("Response:", resp.Status)
fmt.Println(string(b))
}

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# Example
`scan` is an example how to use Amazon DynamoDB's `expression` package to fill
the member fields of Amazon DynamoDB's Operation input types.
## Representing DynamoDB Expressions
In the example, the variable `filt` represents a `FilterExpression`. Note that
DynamoDB item attributes are represented using the function `Name()` and
DynamoDB item values are similarly represented using the function `Value()`. In
this context, the string `"Artist"` represents the name of the item attribute
that we want to evaluate and the string `"No One You Know"` represents the value
we want to evaluate the item attribute against. The relationship between the two
[operands](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/Expressions.OperatorsAndFunctions.html#Expressions.OperatorsAndFunctions.Syntax)
are specified using the method `Equal()`.
Similarly, the variable `proj` represents a `ProjectionExpression`. The list of
item attribute names comprising the `ProjectionExpression` are specified as
arguments to the function `NamesList()`. The `expression` package utilizes the
type safety of Go and if an item value were to be used as an argument to the
function `NamesList()`, a compile time error is returned. The pattern of
representing DynamoDB Expressions by indicating relationships between `operands`
with functions is consistent throughout the whole `expression` package.
```go
filt := expression.Name("Artist").Equal(expression.Value("No One You Know"))
// let :a be an ExpressionAttributeValue representing the string "No One You Know"
// equivalent FilterExpression: "Artist = :a"
proj := expression.NamesList(expression.Name("SongTitle"), expression.Name("AlbumTitle"))
// equivalent ProjectionExpression: "SongTitle, AlbumTitle"
```
## Creating an `Expression`
In the example, the variable `expr` is an instance of an `Expression` type. An
`Expression` is built using a builder pattern. First, a new `Builder` is
initialized by the `NewBuilder()` function. Then, types representing DynamoDB
Expressions are added to the `Builder` by methods `WithFilter()` and
`WithProjection()`. The `Build()` method returns an instance of an `Expression`
and an error. The error will be either an `InvalidParameterError` or an
`UnsetParameterError`.
```go
filt := expression.Name("Artist").Equal(expression.Value("No One You Know"))
proj := expression.NamesList(expression.Name("SongTitle"), expression.Name("AlbumTitle"))
expr, err := expression.NewBuilder().WithFilter(filt).WithProjection(proj).Build()
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
```
## Filling in the fields of a DynamoDB `Scan` API
In the example, the getter methods of the `Expression` type is used to get the
formatted DynamoDB Expression strings. The `ExpressionAttributeNames` and
`ExpressionAttributeValues` member field of the DynamoDB API must always be
assigned when using an `Expression` since all item attribute names and values
are aliased. That means that if the `ExpressionAttributeNames` and
`ExpressionAttributeValues` member is not assigned with the corresponding
`Names()` and `Values()` methods, the DynamoDB operation will run into a logic
error.
```go
filt := expression.Name("Artist").Equal(expression.Value("No One You Know"))
proj := expression.NamesList(expression.Name("SongTitle"), expression.Name("AlbumTitle"))
expr, err := expression.NewBuilder().WithFilter(filt).WithProjection(proj).Build()
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
input := &dynamodb.ScanInput{
ExpressionAttributeNames: expr.Names(),
ExpressionAttributeValues: expr.Values(),
FilterExpression: expr.Filter(),
ProjectionExpression: expr.Projection(),
TableName: aws.String("Music"),
}
```
## Usage
`go run -tags example scan.go -table "<table_name>" -region "<optional_region>"`
## Output
```
{
Count: #SomeNumber,
Items: [{
AlbumTitle: {
#SomeAlbumTitle
},
SongTitle: {
#SomeSongTitle
}
}],
...
ScannedCount: #SomeNumber,
}
```

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// +build example
package main
import (
"flag"
"fmt"
"os"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/dynamodb"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/dynamodb/expression"
)
func exitWithError(err error) {
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
os.Exit(1)
}
func main() {
cfg := Config{}
if err := cfg.Load(); err != nil {
exitWithError(fmt.Errorf("failed to load config, %v", err))
}
// Create the config specifying the Region for the DynamoDB table.
// If Config.Region is not set the region must come from the shared
// config or AWS_REGION environment variable.
awscfg := &aws.Config{}
if len(cfg.Region) > 0 {
awscfg.WithRegion(cfg.Region)
}
// Create the session that the DynamoDB service will use.
sess := session.Must(session.NewSession(awscfg))
// Create the DynamoDB service client to make the query request with.
svc := dynamodb.New(sess)
// Create the Expression to fill the input struct with.
filt := expression.Name("Artist").Equal(expression.Value("No One You Know"))
proj := expression.NamesList(expression.Name("SongTitle"), expression.Name("AlbumTitle"))
expr, err := expression.NewBuilder().WithFilter(filt).WithProjection(proj).Build()
if err != nil {
exitWithError(fmt.Errorf("failed to create the Expression, %v", err))
}
// Build the query input parameters
params := &dynamodb.ScanInput{
ExpressionAttributeNames: expr.Names(),
ExpressionAttributeValues: expr.Values(),
FilterExpression: expr.Filter(),
ProjectionExpression: expr.Projection(),
TableName: aws.String(cfg.Table),
}
if cfg.Limit > 0 {
params.Limit = aws.Int64(cfg.Limit)
}
// Make the DynamoDB Query API call
result, err := svc.Scan(params)
if err != nil {
exitWithError(fmt.Errorf("failed to make Query API call, %v", err))
}
fmt.Println(result)
}
type Config struct {
Table string // required
Region string // optional
Limit int64 // optional
}
func (c *Config) Load() error {
flag.Int64Var(&c.Limit, "limit", 0, "Limit is the max items to be returned, 0 is no limit")
flag.StringVar(&c.Table, "table", "", "Table to Query on")
flag.StringVar(&c.Region, "region", "", "AWS Region the table is in")
flag.Parse()
if len(c.Table) == 0 {
flag.PrintDefaults()
return fmt.Errorf("table name is required.")
}
return nil
}

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# Example
`scanItems` is an example how to use Amazon DynamoDB's Scan API operation with the SDK's `dynamodbattributes.UnmarshalListOfMaps` to unmarshal the Scan response's `Items` `[]map[string]*dynamodb.AttributeValue` field. This unmarshaler can be used with all `[]map[string]*dynamodb.AttributeValue` type fields.
## Go Type
The `Item` time will be used by the example to unmarshal the DynamoDB table's items to.
```go
type Item struct {
Key int
Desc string
Data map[string]interface{}
}
```
Use Go tags to define what the name is of the attribute in your DynamoDB table. See [AWS SDK for Go API Reference: Marshal](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/service/dynamodb/dynamodbattribute/#Marshal) for more information.
In DynamoDB the structure of the item to be returned will be:
```json
{
"Data": {
"Value 1": "abc",
"Value 2": 1234567890
},
"Desc": "First ddb item",
"Key": 1
}
```
## Usage
`go run -tags example scanItems.go -table "<table_name>" -region "<optional_region>"`
## Output
```
0: Key: 123, Desc: An item in the DynamoDB table
Num Data Values: 0
1: Key: 2, Desc: Second ddb item
Num Data Values: 2
- "A Field": 123
- "Another Field": abc
2: Key: 1, Desc: First ddb item
Num Data Values: 2
- "Value 1": abc
- "Value 2": 1234567890
```

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// +build example
package main
import (
"flag"
"fmt"
"os"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/dynamodb"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/dynamodb/dynamodbattribute"
)
func exitWithError(err error) {
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
os.Exit(1)
}
func main() {
cfg := Config{}
if err := cfg.Load(); err != nil {
exitWithError(fmt.Errorf("failed to load config, %v", err))
}
// Create the config specifying the Region for the DynamoDB table.
// If Config.Region is not set the region must come from the shared
// config or AWS_REGION environment variable.
awscfg := &aws.Config{}
if len(cfg.Region) > 0 {
awscfg.WithRegion(cfg.Region)
}
// Create the session that the DynamoDB service will use.
sess := session.Must(session.NewSession(awscfg))
// Create the DynamoDB service client to make the query request with.
svc := dynamodb.New(sess)
// Build the query input parameters
params := &dynamodb.ScanInput{
TableName: aws.String(cfg.Table),
}
if cfg.Limit > 0 {
params.Limit = aws.Int64(cfg.Limit)
}
// Make the DynamoDB Query API call
result, err := svc.Scan(params)
if err != nil {
exitWithError(fmt.Errorf("failed to make Query API call, %v", err))
}
items := []Item{}
// Unmarshal the Items field in the result value to the Item Go type.
err = dynamodbattribute.UnmarshalListOfMaps(result.Items, &items)
if err != nil {
exitWithError(fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal Query result items, %v", err))
}
// Print out the items returned
for i, item := range items {
fmt.Printf("%d: Key: %d, Desc: %s\n", i, item.Key, item.Desc)
fmt.Printf("\tNum Data Values: %d\n", len(item.Data))
for k, v := range item.Data {
fmt.Printf("\t- %q: %v\n", k, v)
}
}
}
type Item struct {
Key int
Desc string
Data map[string]interface{}
}
type Config struct {
Table string // required
Region string // optional
Limit int64 // optional
}
func (c *Config) Load() error {
flag.Int64Var(&c.Limit, "limit", 0, "Limit is the max items to be returned, 0 is no limit")
flag.StringVar(&c.Table, "table", "", "Table to Query on")
flag.StringVar(&c.Region, "region", "", "AWS Region the table is in")
flag.Parse()
if len(c.Table) == 0 {
flag.PrintDefaults()
return fmt.Errorf("table name is required.")
}
return nil
}

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# Example
You can instantiate `*dynamodb.DynamoDB` and pass that as a parameter to all
methods connecting to DynamoDB, or as `unitTest` demonstrates, create your own
`type` and pass it along as a field.
## Test-compatible DynamoDB field
If you use `*dynamodb.DynamoDB` as a field, you will be unable to unit test it,
as documented in #88. Cast it instead as `dynamodbiface.DynamoDBAPI`:
```go
type ItemGetter struct {
DynamoDB dynamodbiface.DynamoDBAPI
}
```
## Querying actual DynamoDB
You'll need an `*aws.Config` and `*session.Session` for these to work correctly:
```go
// Setup
var getter = new(ItemGetter)
var config *aws.Config = &aws.Config{Region: aws.String("us-west-2"),}
var sess *session.Session = session.NewSession(config)
var svc *dynamodb.DynamoDB = dynamodb.New()
getter.DynamoDB = dynamodbiface.DynamoDBAPI(svc)
// Finally
getter.DynamoDB.GetItem(/* ... */)
```
## Querying in tests
Construct a `fakeDynamoDB` and add the necessary methods for each of those
structs (custom ones for `ItemGetter` and [whatever methods you're using for
DynamoDB](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/blob/master/service/dynamodb/dynamodbiface/interface.go)),
and you're good to go!
```go
type fakeDynamoDB struct {
dynamodbiface.DynamoDBAPI
}
var getter = new(ItemGetter)
getter.DynamoDB = &fakeDynamoDB{}
// And to run it (assuming you've mocked fakeDynamoDB.GetItem)
getter.DynamoDB.GetItem(/* ... */)
```
## Output
```
$ go test -tags example -cover
PASS
coverage: 100.0% of statements
ok _/Users/shatil/workspace/aws-sdk-go/example/service/dynamodb/unitTest 0.008s
```

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// +build example
// Package unitTest demonstrates how to unit test, without needing to pass a
// connector to every function, code that uses DynamoDB.
package unitTest
import (
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/dynamodb"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/dynamodb/dynamodbattribute"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/dynamodb/dynamodbiface"
)
// ItemGetter can be assigned a DynamoDB connector like:
// svc := dynamodb.DynamoDB(sess)
// getter.DynamoDB = dynamodbiface.DynamoDBAPI(svc)
type ItemGetter struct {
DynamoDB dynamodbiface.DynamoDBAPI
}
// Get a value from a DynamoDB table containing entries like:
// {"id": "my primary key", "value": "valuable value"}
func (ig *ItemGetter) Get(id string) (value string) {
var input = &dynamodb.GetItemInput{
Key: map[string]*dynamodb.AttributeValue{
"id": {
S: aws.String(id),
},
},
TableName: aws.String("my_table"),
AttributesToGet: []*string{
aws.String("value"),
},
}
if output, err := ig.DynamoDB.GetItem(input); err == nil {
if _, ok := output.Item["value"]; ok {
dynamodbattribute.Unmarshal(output.Item["value"], &value)
}
}
return
}

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// +build example
// Unit tests for package unitTest.
package unitTest
import (
"errors"
"testing"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/dynamodb"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/dynamodb/dynamodbiface"
)
// A fakeDynamoDB instance. During testing, instatiate ItemGetter, then simply
// assign an instance of fakeDynamoDB to it.
type fakeDynamoDB struct {
dynamodbiface.DynamoDBAPI
payload map[string]string // Store expected return values
err error
}
// Mock GetItem such that the output returned carries values identical to input.
func (fd *fakeDynamoDB) GetItem(input *dynamodb.GetItemInput) (*dynamodb.GetItemOutput, error) {
output := new(dynamodb.GetItemOutput)
output.Item = make(map[string]*dynamodb.AttributeValue)
for key, value := range fd.payload {
output.Item[key] = &dynamodb.AttributeValue{
S: aws.String(value),
}
}
return output, fd.err
}
func TestItemGetterGet(t *testing.T) {
expectedKey := "expected key"
expectedValue := "expected value"
getter := new(ItemGetter)
getter.DynamoDB = &fakeDynamoDB{
payload: map[string]string{"id": expectedKey, "value": expectedValue},
}
if actualValue := getter.Get(expectedKey); actualValue != expectedValue {
t.Errorf("Expected %q but got %q", expectedValue, actualValue)
}
}
// When DynamoDB.GetItem returns a non-nil error, expect an empty string.
func TestItemGetterGetFail(t *testing.T) {
expectedKey := "expected key"
expectedValue := "expected value"
getter := new(ItemGetter)
getter.DynamoDB = &fakeDynamoDB{
payload: map[string]string{"id": expectedKey, "value": expectedValue},
err: errors.New("any error"),
}
if actualValue := getter.Get(expectedKey); len(actualValue) > 0 {
t.Errorf("Expected %q but got %q", expectedValue, actualValue)
}
}

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# Example
This is an example using the AWS SDK for Go to list ec2 instances that match provided tag name filter.
# Usage
The example uses the bucket name provided, and lists all object keys in a bucket.
```sh
go run -tags example filter_ec2_by_tag.go <name_filter>
```
Output:
```
listing instances with tag vpn in: us-east-1
[{
Instances: [{
AmiLaunchIndex: 0,
Architecture: "x86_64",
BlockDeviceMappings: [{
DeviceName: "/dev/xvda",
Ebs: {
AttachTime: 2016-07-06 18:04:53 +0000 UTC,
DeleteOnTermination: true,
Status: "attached",
VolumeId: "vol-xxxx"
}
}],
...
```

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// +build example
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"os"
"strings"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/ec2"
)
// This example will list instances with a filter
//
// Usage:
// filter_ec2_by_tag <name_filter>
func main() {
sess := session.Must(session.NewSession())
nameFilter := os.Args[1]
awsRegion := "us-east-1"
svc := ec2.New(sess, &aws.Config{Region: aws.String(awsRegion)})
fmt.Printf("listing instances with tag %v in: %v\n", nameFilter, awsRegion)
params := &ec2.DescribeInstancesInput{
Filters: []*ec2.Filter{
{
Name: aws.String("tag:Name"),
Values: []*string{
aws.String(strings.Join([]string{"*", nameFilter, "*"}, "")),
},
},
},
}
resp, err := svc.DescribeInstances(params)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("there was an error listing instances in", awsRegion, err.Error())
log.Fatal(err.Error())
}
fmt.Printf("%+v\n", *resp)
}

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# Example Fetch By region
This is an example using the AWS SDK for Go to list ec2 instances instance state By different region . By default it fetch all running and stopped instance
# Usage
```sh
# To fetch the stopped instance of all region use below:
./filter_ec2_by_region --state running --state stopped
# To fetch the stopped and running instance for region us-west-1 and eu-west-1 use below:
./filter_ec2_by_region --state running --state stopped --region us-west-1 --region=eu-west-1
```
## Sample Output
```
Fetching instace details for region: ap-south-1 with criteria: [running][stopped]**
printing instance details.....
instance id i-************
current State stopped
done for region ap-south-1 ****
Fetching instace details for region: eu-west-2 with criteria: [running][stopped]**
There is no instance for the for region eu-west-2 with the matching Criteria: [running][stopped]
done for region eu-west-2 ****
```

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// +build example
package main
import (
"flag"
"fmt"
"os"
"strings"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/ec2"
)
// Prints a list of instances for each region. If no regions are provided
// all regions will be searched. The state is required.
//
// Will use the AWS SDK for Go's default credential chain and region. You can
// specify the region with the AWS_REGION environment variable.
//
// Usage: instancesByRegion -state <value> [-state val...] [-region region...]
func main() {
states, regions := parseArguments()
if len(states) == 0 {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "error: %v\n", usage())
os.Exit(1)
}
instanceCriteria := " "
for _, state := range states {
instanceCriteria += "[" + state + "]"
}
if len(regions) == 0 {
var err error
regions, err = fetchRegion()
if err != nil {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "error: %v\n", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
}
for _, region := range regions {
sess := session.Must(session.NewSession(&aws.Config{
Region: aws.String(region),
}))
ec2Svc := ec2.New(sess)
params := &ec2.DescribeInstancesInput{
Filters: []*ec2.Filter{
&ec2.Filter{
Name: aws.String("instance-state-name"),
Values: aws.StringSlice(states),
},
},
}
result, err := ec2Svc.DescribeInstances(params)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Error", err)
} else {
fmt.Printf("\n\n\nFetching instace details for region: %s with criteria: %s**\n ", region, instanceCriteria)
if len(result.Reservations) == 0 {
fmt.Printf("There is no instance for the for region %s with the matching Criteria:%s \n", region, instanceCriteria)
}
for _, reservation := range result.Reservations {
fmt.Println("printing instance details.....")
for _, instance := range reservation.Instances {
fmt.Println("instance id " + *instance.InstanceId)
fmt.Println("current State " + *instance.State.Name)
}
}
fmt.Printf("done for region %s **** \n", region)
}
}
}
func fetchRegion() ([]string, error) {
awsSession := session.Must(session.NewSession(&aws.Config{}))
svc := ec2.New(awsSession)
awsRegions, err := svc.DescribeRegions(&ec2.DescribeRegionsInput{})
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
regions := make([]string, 0, len(awsRegions.Regions))
for _, region := range awsRegions.Regions {
regions = append(regions, *region.RegionName)
}
return regions, nil
}
type flagArgs []string
func (a flagArgs) String() string {
return strings.Join(a.Args(), ",")
}
func (a *flagArgs) Set(value string) error {
*a = append(*a, value)
return nil
}
func (a flagArgs) Args() []string {
return []string(a)
}
func parseArguments() (states []string, regions []string) {
var stateArgs, regionArgs flagArgs
flag.Var(&stateArgs, "state", "state list")
flag.Var(&regionArgs, "region", "region list")
flag.Parse()
if flag.NFlag() != 0 {
states = append([]string{}, stateArgs.Args()...)
regions = append([]string{}, regionArgs.Args()...)
}
return states, regions
}
func usage() string {
return `
Missing mandatory flag 'state'. Please use like below Example:
To fetch the stopped instance of all region use below:
./filter_ec2_by_region -state running -state stopped
To fetch the stopped and running instance for region us-west-1 and eu-west-1 use below:
./filter_ec2_by_region -state running -state stopped -region us-west-1 -region=eu-west-1
`
}

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# Example
This is an example using the AWS SDK for Go to create an Amazon RDS DB token using the
rdsutils package.
# Usage
```sh
go run -tags example iam_authetnication.go <region> <db user> <db name> <endpoint to database> <iam arn>
```
Output:
```
Successfully opened connection to database
```

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// +build example,skip
package main
import (
"database/sql"
"fmt"
"log"
"os"
"github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/credentials/stscreds"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/rds/rdsutils"
)
// Usage ./iam_authentication <region> <db user> <db name> <endpoint to database> <iam arn>
func main() {
if len(os.Args) < 5 {
log.Println("USAGE ERROR: go run concatenateObjects.go <region> <endpoint to database> <iam arn>")
os.Exit(1)
}
awsRegion := os.Args[1]
dbUser := os.Args[2]
dbName := os.Args[3]
dbEndpoint := os.Args[4]
awsCreds := stscreds.NewCredentials(session.New(&aws.Config{Region: &awsRegion}), os.Args[5])
authToken, err := rdsutils.BuildAuthToken(dbEndpoint, awsRegion, dbUser, awsCreds)
// Create the MySQL DNS string for the DB connection
// user:password@protocol(endpoint)/dbname?<params>
dnsStr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s@tcp(%s)/%s?tls=true",
dbUser, authToken, dbEndpoint, dbName,
)
driver := mysql.MySQLDriver{}
_ = driver
// Use db to perform SQL operations on database
if _, err = sql.Open("mysql", dnsStr); err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Println("Successfully opened connection to database")
}

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# Example
This is an example using the AWS SDK for Go to concatenate two objects together.
We use `UploadPartCopy` which uses an object for a part. Here in this example we have two parts, or in other words
two objects that we want to concatenate together.
# Usage
The example uses the bucket name provided, two keys for each object, and lastly the output key.
```sh
AWS_REGION=<region> go run -tags example concatenateObjects.go <bucket> <key for object 1> <key for object 2> <key for output>
```

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// +build example
package main
import (
"log"
"net/url"
"os"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/s3"
)
type client struct {
s3Client *s3.S3
bucket *string
}
// concatenate will contenate key1's object to key2's object under the key testKey
func (c *client) concatenate(key1, key2, key3 string, uploadID *string) (*string, *string, error) {
// The first part to be uploaded which is represented as part number 1
foo, err := c.s3Client.UploadPartCopy(&s3.UploadPartCopyInput{
Bucket: c.bucket,
CopySource: aws.String(url.QueryEscape(*c.bucket + "/" + key1)),
PartNumber: aws.Int64(1),
Key: &key3,
UploadId: uploadID,
})
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
// The second part that is going to be appended to the newly created testKey
// object.
bar, err := c.s3Client.UploadPartCopy(&s3.UploadPartCopyInput{
Bucket: c.bucket,
CopySource: aws.String(url.QueryEscape(*c.bucket + "/" + key2)),
PartNumber: aws.Int64(2),
Key: &key3,
UploadId: uploadID,
})
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
// The ETags are needed to complete the process
return foo.CopyPartResult.ETag, bar.CopyPartResult.ETag, nil
}
func main() {
if len(os.Args) < 4 {
log.Println("USAGE ERROR: AWS_REGION=us-east-1 go run concatenateObjects.go <bucket> <key for object 1> <key for object 2> <key for output>")
return
}
bucket := os.Args[1]
key1 := os.Args[2]
key2 := os.Args[3]
key3 := os.Args[4]
sess := session.New(&aws.Config{})
svc := s3.New(sess)
c := client{svc, &bucket}
// We let the service know that we want to do a multipart upload
output, err := c.s3Client.CreateMultipartUpload(&s3.CreateMultipartUploadInput{
Bucket: &bucket,
Key: &key3,
})
if err != nil {
log.Println("ERROR:", err)
return
}
foo, bar, err := c.concatenate(key1, key2, key3, output.UploadId)
if err != nil {
log.Println("ERROR:", err)
return
}
// We finally complete the multipart upload.
_, err = c.s3Client.CompleteMultipartUpload(&s3.CompleteMultipartUploadInput{
Bucket: &bucket,
Key: &key3,
UploadId: output.UploadId,
MultipartUpload: &s3.CompletedMultipartUpload{
Parts: []*s3.CompletedPart{
{
ETag: foo,
PartNumber: aws.Int64(1),
},
{
ETag: bar,
PartNumber: aws.Int64(2),
},
},
},
})
if err != nil {
log.Println("ERROR:", err)
return
}
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
# Example
This is an example using the AWS SDK for Go to list objects' key in a S3 bucket.
# Usage
The example uses the bucket name provided, and lists all object keys in a bucket.
```sh
go run -tags example listObjects.go <bucket>
```
Output:
```
Page, 0
Object: myKey
Object: mykey.txt
Object: resources/0001/item-01
Object: resources/0001/item-02
Object: resources/0001/item-03
Object: resources/0002/item-01
Object: resources/0002/item-02
Object: resources/0002/item-03
Object: resources/0002/item-04
Object: resources/0002/item-05
```

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// +build example
package main
import (
"fmt"
"os"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/s3"
)
// Lists all objects in a bucket using pagination
//
// Usage:
// listObjects <bucket>
func main() {
if len(os.Args) < 2 {
fmt.Println("you must specify a bucket")
return
}
sess := session.Must(session.NewSession())
svc := s3.New(sess)
i := 0
err := svc.ListObjectsPages(&s3.ListObjectsInput{
Bucket: &os.Args[1],
}, func(p *s3.ListObjectsOutput, last bool) (shouldContinue bool) {
fmt.Println("Page,", i)
i++
for _, obj := range p.Contents {
fmt.Println("Object:", *obj.Key)
}
return true
})
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("failed to list objects", err)
return
}
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
## Example
This is an example using the AWS SDK for Go concurrently to list the encrypted objects in the S3 buckets owned by an account.
## Usage
The example's `accounts` string slice contains a list of the SharedCredentials profiles which will be used to look up the buckets owned by each profile. Each bucket's objects will be queried.
```
AWS_REGION=us-east-1 go run -tags example listObjectsConcurrentlv.go
```

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// +build example
package main
import (
"fmt"
"os"
"sort"
"sync"
"time"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/s3"
)
func exit(msg ...interface{}) {
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, msg...)
os.Exit(1)
}
// Lists all encrypted objects owned by an account. The `accounts` string
// contains a list of profiles to use.
//
// Usage:
// listObjectsConcurrentlv
func main() {
accounts := []string{"default", "default2", "otherprofile"}
// Spin off a worker for each account to retrieve that account's
bucketCh := make(chan *Bucket, 5)
var wg sync.WaitGroup
for _, acc := range accounts {
wg.Add(1)
go func(acc string) {
defer wg.Done()
sess, err := session.NewSessionWithOptions(session.Options{
Profile: acc,
})
if err != nil {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "failed to create session for account, %s, %v\n", acc, err)
return
}
if err = getAccountBuckets(sess, bucketCh, acc); err != nil {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "failed to get account %s's bucket info, %v\n", acc, err)
}
}(acc)
}
// Spin off a goroutine which will wait until all account buckets have been collected and
// added to the bucketCh. Close the bucketCh so the for range below will exit once all
// bucket info is printed.
go func() {
wg.Wait()
close(bucketCh)
}()
// Receive from the bucket channel printing the information for each bucket to the console
// when the bucketCh channel is drained.
buckets := []*Bucket{}
for b := range bucketCh {
buckets = append(buckets, b)
}
sortBuckets(buckets)
for _, b := range buckets {
if b.Error != nil {
fmt.Printf("Bucket %s, owned by: %s, failed: %v\n", b.Name, b.Owner, b.Error)
continue
}
encObjs := b.encryptedObjects()
fmt.Printf("Bucket: %s, owned by: %s, total objects: %d, failed objects: %d, encrypted objects: %d\n",
b.Name, b.Owner, len(b.Objects), len(b.ErrObjects), len(encObjs))
if len(encObjs) > 0 {
for _, encObj := range encObjs {
fmt.Printf("\t%s %s:%s/%s\n", encObj.EncryptionType, b.Region, b.Name, encObj.Key)
}
}
}
}
func sortBuckets(buckets []*Bucket) {
s := sortalbeBuckets(buckets)
sort.Sort(s)
}
type sortalbeBuckets []*Bucket
func (s sortalbeBuckets) Len() int { return len(s) }
func (s sortalbeBuckets) Swap(a, b int) { s[a], s[b] = s[b], s[a] }
func (s sortalbeBuckets) Less(a, b int) bool {
if s[a].Owner == s[b].Owner && s[a].Name < s[b].Name {
return true
}
if s[a].Owner < s[b].Owner {
return true
}
return false
}
func getAccountBuckets(sess *session.Session, bucketCh chan<- *Bucket, owner string) error {
svc := s3.New(sess)
buckets, err := listBuckets(svc)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to list buckets, %v", err)
}
for _, bucket := range buckets {
bucket.Owner = owner
if bucket.Error != nil {
continue
}
bckSvc := s3.New(sess, &aws.Config{
Region: aws.String(bucket.Region),
Credentials: svc.Config.Credentials,
})
bucketDetails(bckSvc, bucket)
bucketCh <- bucket
}
return nil
}
func bucketDetails(svc *s3.S3, bucket *Bucket) {
objs, errObjs, err := listBucketObjects(svc, bucket.Name)
if err != nil {
bucket.Error = err
} else {
bucket.Objects = objs
bucket.ErrObjects = errObjs
}
}
// A Object provides details of an S3 object
type Object struct {
Bucket string
Key string
Encrypted bool
EncryptionType string
}
// An ErrObject provides details of the error occurred retrieving
// an object's status.
type ErrObject struct {
Bucket string
Key string
Error error
}
// A Bucket provides details about a bucket and its objects
type Bucket struct {
Owner string
Name string
CreationDate time.Time
Region string
Objects []Object
Error error
ErrObjects []ErrObject
}
func (b *Bucket) encryptedObjects() []Object {
encObjs := []Object{}
for _, obj := range b.Objects {
if obj.Encrypted {
encObjs = append(encObjs, obj)
}
}
return encObjs
}
func listBuckets(svc *s3.S3) ([]*Bucket, error) {
res, err := svc.ListBuckets(&s3.ListBucketsInput{})
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
buckets := make([]*Bucket, len(res.Buckets))
for i, b := range res.Buckets {
buckets[i] = &Bucket{
Name: *b.Name,
CreationDate: *b.CreationDate,
}
locRes, err := svc.GetBucketLocation(&s3.GetBucketLocationInput{
Bucket: b.Name,
})
if err != nil {
buckets[i].Error = err
continue
}
if locRes.LocationConstraint == nil {
buckets[i].Region = "us-east-1"
} else {
buckets[i].Region = *locRes.LocationConstraint
}
}
return buckets, nil
}
func listBucketObjects(svc *s3.S3, bucket string) ([]Object, []ErrObject, error) {
listRes, err := svc.ListObjects(&s3.ListObjectsInput{
Bucket: &bucket,
})
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
objs := make([]Object, 0, len(listRes.Contents))
errObjs := []ErrObject{}
for _, listObj := range listRes.Contents {
objData, err := svc.HeadObject(&s3.HeadObjectInput{
Bucket: &bucket,
Key: listObj.Key,
})
if err != nil {
errObjs = append(errObjs, ErrObject{Bucket: bucket, Key: *listObj.Key, Error: err})
continue
}
obj := Object{Bucket: bucket, Key: *listObj.Key}
if objData.ServerSideEncryption != nil {
obj.Encrypted = true
obj.EncryptionType = *objData.ServerSideEncryption
}
objs = append(objs, obj)
}
return objs, errObjs, nil
}

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# Presigned Amazon S3 API Operation Example
This example demonstrates how you can build a client application to retrieve and
upload object data from Amazon S3 without needing to know anything about Amazon
S3 or have access to any AWS credentials. Only the service would have knowledge
of how and where the objects are stored in Amazon S3.
The example is split into two parts `server.go` and `client.go`. These two parts
simulate the client/server architecture. In this example the client will represent
a third part user that will request resource URLs from the service. The service
will generate presigned S3 URLs which the client can use to download and
upload S3 object content.
The service supports generating presigned URLs for two S3 APIs; `GetObject` and
`PutObject`. The client will request a presigned URL from the service with an
object Key. In this example the value is the S3 object's `key`. Alternatively,
you could use your own pattern with no visible relation to the S3 object's key.
The server would then perform a cross reference with client provided value to
one that maps to the S3 object's key.
Before using the client to upload and download S3 objects you'll need to start the
service. The service will use the SDK's default credential chain to source your
AWS credentials. See the [`Configuring Credentials`](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/)
section of the SDK's API Reference guide on how the SDK loads your AWS credentials.
The server requires the S3 `-b bucket` the presigned URLs will be generated for. A
`-r region` is only needed if the bucket is in AWS China or AWS Gov Cloud. For
buckets in AWS the server will use the [`s3manager.GetBucketRegion`](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/service/s3/s3manager/#GetBucketRegion) utility to lookup the bucket's region.
You should run the service in the background or in a separate terminal tab before
moving onto the client.
```sh
go run -tags example server/server.go -b mybucket
> Starting Server On: 127.0.0.1:8080
```
Use the `--help` flag to see a list of additional configuration flags, and their
defaults.
## Downloading an Amazon S3 Object
Use the client application to request a presigned URL from the server and use
that presigned URL to download the object from S3. Calling the client with the
`-get key` flag will do this. An optional `-f filename` flag can be provided as
well to write the object to. If no flag is provided the object will be written
to `stdout`
```sh
go run -tags example client/client.go -get "my-object/key" -f outputfilename
```
Use the `--help` flag to see a list of additional configuration flags, and their
defaults.
The following curl request demonstrates the request the client makes to the server
for the presigned URL for the `my-object/key` S3 object. The `method` query
parameter lets the server know that we are requesting the `GetObject`'s presigned
URL. The `method` value can be `GET` or `PUT` for the `GetObject` or `PutObject` APIs.
```sh
curl -v "http://127.0.0.1:8080/presign/my-object/key?method=GET"
```
The server will respond with a JSON value. The value contains three pieces of
information that the client will need to correctly make the request. First is
the presigned URL. This is the URL the client will make the request to. Second
is the HTTP method the request should be sent as. This is included to simplify
the client's request building. Finally the response will include a list of
additional headers that the client should include that the presigned request
was signed with.
```json
{
"URL": "https://mybucket.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/my-object/key?<signature>",
"Method": "GET",
"Header": {
"x-amz-content-sha256":["UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD"]
}
}
```
With this URL our client will build a HTTP request for the S3 object's data. The
`client.go` will then write the object's data to the `filename` if one is provided,
or to `stdout` of a filename is not set in the command line arguments.
## Uploading a File to Amazon S3
Just like the download, uploading a file to S3 will use a presigned URL requested
from the server. The resigned URL will be built into an HTTP request using the
URL, Method, and Headers. The `-put key` flag will upload the content of `-f filename`
or stdin if no filename is provided to S3 using a presigned URL provided by the
service
```sh
go run -tags example client/client.go -put "my-object/key" -f filename
```
Like the download case this will make a HTTP request to the server for the
presigned URL. The Server will respond with a presigned URL for S3's `PutObject`
API operation. In addition the `method` query parameter the client will also
include a `contentLength` this value instructs the server to generate the presigned
PutObject request with a `Content-Length` header value included in the signature.
This is done so the content that is uploaded by the client can only be the size
the presigned request was generated for.
```sh
curl -v "http://127.0.0.1:8080/presign/my-object/key?method=PUT&contentLength=1024"
```
## Expanding the Example
This example provides a spring board you can use to vend presigned URLs to your
clients instead of streaming the object's content through your service. This
client and server example can be expanded and customized. Adding new functionality
such as additional constraints the server puts on the presigned URLs like
`Content-Type`.
In addition to adding constraints to the presigned URLs the service could be
updated to obfuscate S3 object's key. Instead of the client knowing the object's
key, a lookup system could be used instead. This could be substitution based,
or lookup into an external data store such as DynamoDB.

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// +build example
package main
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/json"
"flag"
"fmt"
"io"
"io/ioutil"
"net/http"
"os"
"strconv"
"strings"
)
// client.go is an example of a client that will request URLs from a service that
// the client will use to upload and download content with.
//
// The server must be started before the client is run.
//
// Use "--help" command line argument flag to see all options and defaults. If
// filename is not provided the client will read from stdin for uploads and
// write to stdout for downloads.
//
// Usage:
// go run -tags example client.go -get myObjectKey -f filename
func main() {
method, filename, key, serverURL := loadConfig()
var err error
switch method {
case GetMethod:
// Requests the URL from the server that the client will use to download
// the content from. The content will be written to the file pointed to
// by filename. Creating it if the file does not exist. If filename is
// not set the contents will be written to stdout.
err = downloadFile(serverURL, key, filename)
case PutMethod:
// Requests the URL from the service that the client will use to upload
// content to. The content will be read from the file pointed to by the
// filename. If the filename is not set, content will be read from stdin.
err = uploadFile(serverURL, key, filename)
}
if err != nil {
exitError(err)
}
}
// loadConfig configures the client based on the command line arguments used.
func loadConfig() (method Method, serverURL, key, filename string) {
var getKey, putKey string
flag.StringVar(&getKey, "get", "",
"Downloads the object from S3 by the `key`. Writes the object to a file the filename is provided, otherwise writes to stdout.")
flag.StringVar(&putKey, "put", "",
"Uploads data to S3 at the `key` provided. Uploads the file if filename is provided, otherwise reads from stdin.")
flag.StringVar(&serverURL, "s", "http://127.0.0.1:8080", "Required `URL` the client will request presigned S3 operation from.")
flag.StringVar(&filename, "f", "", "The `filename` of the file to upload and get from S3.")
flag.Parse()
var errs Errors
if len(serverURL) == 0 {
errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("server URL required"))
}
if !((len(getKey) != 0) != (len(putKey) != 0)) {
errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("either `get` or `put` can be provided, and one of the two is required."))
}
if len(getKey) > 0 {
method = GetMethod
key = getKey
} else {
method = PutMethod
key = putKey
}
if len(errs) > 0 {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to load configuration:%v\n", errs)
flag.PrintDefaults()
os.Exit(1)
}
return method, filename, key, serverURL
}
// downloadFile will request a URL from the server that the client can download
// the content pointed to by "key". The content will be written to the file
// pointed to by filename, creating the file if it doesn't exist. If filename
// is not set the content will be written to stdout.
func downloadFile(serverURL, key, filename string) error {
var w *os.File
if len(filename) > 0 {
f, err := os.Create(filename)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to create download file %s, %v", filename, err)
}
w = f
} else {
w = os.Stdout
}
defer w.Close()
// Get the presigned URL from the remote service.
req, err := getPresignedRequest(serverURL, "GET", key, 0)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to get get presigned request, %v", err)
}
// Gets the file contents with the URL provided by the service.
resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to do GET request, %v", err)
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to get S3 object, %d:%s",
resp.StatusCode, resp.Status)
}
if _, err = io.Copy(w, resp.Body); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to write S3 object, %v", err)
}
return nil
}
// uploadFile will request a URL from the service that the client can use to
// upload content to. The content will be read from the file pointed to by filename.
// If filename is not set the content will be read from stdin.
func uploadFile(serverURL, key, filename string) error {
var r io.ReadCloser
var size int64
if len(filename) > 0 {
f, err := os.Open(filename)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to open upload file %s, %v", filename, err)
}
// Get the size of the file so that the constraint of Content-Length
// can be included with the presigned URL. This can be used by the
// server or client to ensure the content uploaded is of a certain size.
//
// These constraints can further be expanded to include things like
// Content-Type. Additionally constraints such as X-Amz-Content-Sha256
// header set restricting the content of the file to only the content
// the client initially made the request with. This prevents the object
// from being overwritten or used to upload other unintended content.
stat, err := f.Stat()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to stat file, %s, %v", filename, err)
}
size = stat.Size()
r = f
} else {
buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
io.Copy(buf, os.Stdin)
size = int64(buf.Len())
r = ioutil.NopCloser(buf)
}
defer r.Close()
// Get the Presigned URL from the remote service. Pass in the file's
// size if it is known so that the presigned URL returned will be required
// to be used with the size of content requested.
req, err := getPresignedRequest(serverURL, "PUT", key, size)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to get get presigned request, %v", err)
}
req.Body = r
// Upload the file contents to S3.
resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to do GET request, %v", err)
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to put S3 object, %d:%s",
resp.StatusCode, resp.Status)
}
return nil
}
// getPresignRequest will request a URL from the service for the content specified
// by the key and method. Returns a constructed Request that can be used to
// upload or download content with based on the method used.
//
// If the PUT method is used the request's Body will need to be set on the returned
// request value.
func getPresignedRequest(serverURL, method, key string, contentLen int64) (*http.Request, error) {
u := fmt.Sprintf("%s/presign/%s?method=%s&contentLength=%d",
serverURL, key, method, contentLen,
)
resp, err := http.Get(u)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to make request for presigned URL, %v", err)
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get valid presign response, %s", resp.Status)
}
p := PresignResp{}
if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&p); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode response body, %v", err)
}
req, err := http.NewRequest(p.Method, p.URL, nil)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to build presigned request, %v", err)
}
for k, vs := range p.Header {
for _, v := range vs {
req.Header.Add(k, v)
}
}
// Need to ensure that the content length member is set of the HTTP Request
// or the request will not be transmitted correctly with a content length
// value across the wire.
if contLen := req.Header.Get("Content-Length"); len(contLen) > 0 {
req.ContentLength, _ = strconv.ParseInt(contLen, 10, 64)
}
return req, nil
}
type Method int
const (
PutMethod Method = iota
GetMethod
)
type Errors []error
func (es Errors) Error() string {
out := make([]string, len(es))
for _, e := range es {
out = append(out, e.Error())
}
return strings.Join(out, "\n")
}
type PresignResp struct {
Method, URL string
Header http.Header
}
func exitError(err error) {
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err.Error())
os.Exit(1)
}

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// +build example
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"flag"
"fmt"
"net"
"net/http"
"os"
"strconv"
"strings"
"time"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/endpoints"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/s3"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/s3/s3iface"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/s3/s3manager"
)
// server.go is an example of a service that vends lists for requests for presigned
// URLs for S3 objects. The service supports two S3 operations, "GetObject" and
// "PutObject".
//
// Example GetObject request to the service for the object with the key "MyObjectKey":
//
// curl -v "http://127.0.0.1:8080/presign/my-object/key?method=GET"
//
// Example PutObject request to the service for the object with the key "MyObjectKey":
//
// curl -v "http://127.0.0.1:8080/presign/my-object/key?method=PUT&contentLength=1024"
//
// Use "--help" command line argument flag to see all options and defaults.
//
// Usage:
// go run -tags example service.go -b myBucket
func main() {
addr, bucket, region := loadConfig()
// Create a AWS SDK for Go Session that will load credentials using the SDK's
// default credential change.
sess := session.Must(session.NewSession())
// Use the GetBucketRegion utility to lookup the bucket's region automatically.
// The service.go will only do this correctly for AWS regions. For AWS China
// and AWS Gov Cloud the region needs to be specified to let the service know
// to look in those partitions instead of AWS.
if len(region) == 0 {
var err error
region, err = s3manager.GetBucketRegion(aws.BackgroundContext(), sess, bucket, endpoints.UsWest2RegionID)
if err != nil {
exitError(fmt.Errorf("failed to get bucket region, %v", err))
}
}
// Create a new S3 service client that will be use by the service to generate
// presigned URLs with. Not actual API requests will be made with this client.
// The credentials loaded when the Session was created above will be used
// to sign the requests with.
s3Svc := s3.New(sess, &aws.Config{
Region: aws.String(region),
})
// Start the server listening and serve presigned URLs for GetObject and
// PutObject requests.
if err := listenAndServe(addr, bucket, s3Svc); err != nil {
exitError(err)
}
}
func loadConfig() (addr, bucket, region string) {
flag.StringVar(&bucket, "b", "", "S3 `bucket` object should be uploaded to.")
flag.StringVar(&region, "r", "", "AWS `region` the bucket exists in, If not set region will be looked up, only valid for AWS Regions, not AWS China or Gov Cloud.")
flag.StringVar(&addr, "a", "127.0.0.1:8080", "The TCP `address` the server will be started on.")
flag.Parse()
if len(bucket) == 0 {
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "bucket is required")
flag.PrintDefaults()
os.Exit(1)
}
return addr, bucket, region
}
func listenAndServe(addr, bucket string, svc s3iface.S3API) error {
l, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to start service listener, %v", err)
}
const presignPath = "/presign/"
// Create the HTTP handler for the "/presign/" path prefix. This will handle
// all requests on this path, extracting the object's key from the path.
http.HandleFunc(presignPath, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
var u string
var err error
var signedHeaders http.Header
query := r.URL.Query()
var contentLen int64
// Optionally the Content-Length header can be included with the signature
// of the request. This is helpful to ensure the content uploaded is the
// size that is expected. Constraints like these can be further expanded
// with headers such as `Content-Type`. These can be enforced by the service
// requiring the client to satisfying those constraints when uploading
//
// In addition the client could provide the service with a SHA256 of the
// content to be uploaded. This prevents any other third party from uploading
// anything else with the presigned URL
if contLenStr := query.Get("contentLength"); len(contLenStr) > 0 {
contentLen, err = strconv.ParseInt(contLenStr, 10, 64)
if err != nil {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "unable to parse request content length, %v", err)
http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
return
}
}
// Extract the object key from the path
key := strings.Replace(r.URL.Path, presignPath, "", 1)
method := query.Get("method")
switch method {
case "PUT":
// For creating PutObject presigned URLs
fmt.Println("Received request to presign PutObject for,", key)
sdkReq, _ := svc.PutObjectRequest(&s3.PutObjectInput{
Bucket: aws.String(bucket),
Key: aws.String(key),
// If ContentLength is 0 the header will not be included in the signature.
ContentLength: aws.Int64(contentLen),
})
u, signedHeaders, err = sdkReq.PresignRequest(15 * time.Minute)
case "GET":
// For creating GetObject presigned URLs
fmt.Println("Received request to presign GetObject for,", key)
sdkReq, _ := svc.GetObjectRequest(&s3.GetObjectInput{
Bucket: aws.String(bucket),
Key: aws.String(key),
})
u, signedHeaders, err = sdkReq.PresignRequest(15 * time.Minute)
default:
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "invalid method provided, %s, %v\n", method, err)
err = fmt.Errorf("invalid request")
}
if err != nil {
http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
return
}
// Create the response back to the client with the information on the
// presigned request and additional headers to include.
if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(PresignResp{
Method: method,
URL: u,
Header: signedHeaders,
}); err != nil {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "failed to encode presign response, %v", err)
}
})
fmt.Println("Starting Server On:", "http://"+l.Addr().String())
s := &http.Server{}
return s.Serve(l)
}
// PresignResp provides the Go representation of the JSON value that will be
// sent to the client.
type PresignResp struct {
Method, URL string
Header http.Header
}
func exitError(err error) {
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err.Error())
os.Exit(1)
}

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# Example
putObjectAcl is an example using the AWS SDK for Go to put an ACL on an S3 object.
# Usage
```sh
putBucketAcl <params>
-region <region> // required
-bucket <bucket> // required
-key <key> // required
-owner-name <owner-name>
-owner-id <owner-id>
-grantee-type <some type> // required
-uri <uri to group>
-email <email address>
-user-id <user-id>
-display-name <display name>
```
```sh
go run -tags example putObjectAcl.go
-bucket <bucket>
-key <key>
-owner-name <name>
-owner-id <id>
-grantee-type <some type>
-user-id <user-id>
```
Depending on the type is used depends on which of the three, `uri`, `email`, or `user-id`, needs to be used.
* `s3.TypeCanonicalUser`: `user-id` or `display-name` must be used
* `s3.TypeAmazonCustomerByEmail`: `email` must be used
* `s3.TypeGroup`: `uri` must be used
Output:
```
success {
} nil
```

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// +build example
package main
import (
"flag"
"fmt"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/s3"
)
// Put an ACL on an S3 object
//
// Usage:
// putBucketAcl <params>
// -region <region> // required
// -bucket <bucket> // required
// -key <key> // required
// -owner-name <owner-name>
// -owner-id <owner-id>
// -grantee-type <some type> // required
// -uri <uri to group>
// -email <email address>
// -user-id <user-id>
func main() {
regionPtr := flag.String("region", "", "region of your request")
bucketPtr := flag.String("bucket", "", "name of your bucket")
keyPtr := flag.String("key", "", "of your object")
ownerNamePtr := flag.String("owner-name", "", "of your request")
ownerIDPtr := flag.String("owner-id", "", "of your request")
granteeTypePtr := flag.String("grantee-type", "", "of your request")
uriPtr := flag.String("uri", "", "of your grantee type")
emailPtr := flag.String("email", "", "of your grantee type")
userPtr := flag.String("user-id", "", "of your grantee type")
displayNamePtr := flag.String("display-name", "", "of your grantee type")
flag.Parse()
// Based off the type, fields must be excluded.
switch *granteeTypePtr {
case s3.TypeCanonicalUser:
emailPtr, uriPtr = nil, nil
if *displayNamePtr == "" {
displayNamePtr = nil
}
if *userPtr == "" {
userPtr = nil
}
case s3.TypeAmazonCustomerByEmail:
uriPtr, userPtr = nil, nil
case s3.TypeGroup:
emailPtr, userPtr = nil, nil
}
sess := session.Must(session.NewSession(&aws.Config{
Region: regionPtr,
}))
svc := s3.New(sess)
resp, err := svc.PutObjectAcl(&s3.PutObjectAclInput{
Bucket: bucketPtr,
Key: keyPtr,
AccessControlPolicy: &s3.AccessControlPolicy{
Owner: &s3.Owner{
DisplayName: ownerNamePtr,
ID: ownerIDPtr,
},
Grants: []*s3.Grant{
{
Grantee: &s3.Grantee{
Type: granteeTypePtr,
DisplayName: displayNamePtr,
URI: uriPtr,
EmailAddress: emailPtr,
ID: userPtr,
},
Permission: aws.String(s3.BucketLogsPermissionFullControl),
},
},
},
})
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("failed", err)
} else {
fmt.Println("success", resp)
}
}

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# Example
This example shows how the SDK's API interfaces can be used by your code instead of the concrete service client type directly. Using this pattern allows you to mock out your code's usage of the SDK's service client for testing.
# Usage
Use the `go test` tool to verify the `Queue` type's `GetMessages` function correctly unmarshals the SQS message responses.
`go test -tags example ifaceExample.go`

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// +build example
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"os"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/sqs"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/sqs/sqsiface"
)
func main() {
if len(os.Args) < 2 {
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Queue URL required.")
os.Exit(1)
}
sess := session.Must(session.NewSession())
q := Queue{
Client: sqs.New(sess),
URL: os.Args[1],
}
msgs, err := q.GetMessages(20)
if err != nil {
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err.Error())
os.Exit(1)
}
fmt.Println("Messages:")
for _, msg := range msgs {
fmt.Printf("%s>%s: %s\n", msg.From, msg.To, msg.Msg)
}
}
// Queue provides the ability to handle SQS messages.
type Queue struct {
Client sqsiface.SQSAPI
URL string
}
// Message is a concrete representation of the SQS message
type Message struct {
From string `json:"from"`
To string `json:"to"`
Msg string `json:"msg"`
}
// GetMessages returns the parsed messages from SQS if any. If an error
// occurs that error will be returned.
func (q *Queue) GetMessages(waitTimeout int64) ([]Message, error) {
params := sqs.ReceiveMessageInput{
QueueUrl: aws.String(q.URL),
}
if waitTimeout > 0 {
params.WaitTimeSeconds = aws.Int64(waitTimeout)
}
resp, err := q.Client.ReceiveMessage(&params)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get messages, %v", err)
}
msgs := make([]Message, len(resp.Messages))
for i, msg := range resp.Messages {
parsedMsg := Message{}
if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(aws.StringValue(msg.Body)), &parsedMsg); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal message, %v", err)
}
msgs[i] = parsedMsg
}
return msgs, nil
}

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// +build example
package main
import (
"fmt"
"testing"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/sqs"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/sqs/sqsiface"
)
type mockedReceiveMsgs struct {
sqsiface.SQSAPI
Resp sqs.ReceiveMessageOutput
}
func (m mockedReceiveMsgs) ReceiveMessage(in *sqs.ReceiveMessageInput) (*sqs.ReceiveMessageOutput, error) {
// Only need to return mocked response output
return &m.Resp, nil
}
func TestQueueGetMessage(t *testing.T) {
cases := []struct {
Resp sqs.ReceiveMessageOutput
Expected []Message
}{
{ // Case 1, expect parsed responses
Resp: sqs.ReceiveMessageOutput{
Messages: []*sqs.Message{
{Body: aws.String(`{"from":"user_1","to":"room_1","msg":"Hello!"}`)},
{Body: aws.String(`{"from":"user_2","to":"room_1","msg":"Hi user_1 :)"}`)},
},
},
Expected: []Message{
{From: "user_1", To: "room_1", Msg: "Hello!"},
{From: "user_2", To: "room_1", Msg: "Hi user_1 :)"},
},
},
{ // Case 2, not messages returned
Resp: sqs.ReceiveMessageOutput{},
Expected: []Message{},
},
}
for i, c := range cases {
q := Queue{
Client: mockedReceiveMsgs{Resp: c.Resp},
URL: fmt.Sprintf("mockURL_%d", i),
}
msgs, err := q.GetMessages(20)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("%d, unexpected error, %v", i, err)
}
if a, e := len(msgs), len(c.Expected); a != e {
t.Fatalf("%d, expected %d messages, got %d", i, e, a)
}
for j, msg := range msgs {
if a, e := msg, c.Expected[j]; a != e {
t.Errorf("%d, expected %v message, got %v", i, e, a)
}
}
}
}