hang the runner, agent=new sheriff (#270)

* fix docker build

this is trivially incorrect since glide doesn't actually provide reproducible
builds. the idea is to build with the deps that we have checked into git, so
that we actually know what code is executing so that we might debug it...

all for multi stage build instead of what we had, but adding the glide step is
wrong. i added a loud warning so as to discourage this behavior in the future.

* hang the runner, agent=new sheriff

tl;dr agent is now runner, with a hopefully saner api

the general idea is get rid of all the various 'task' structs now, change our
terminology to only be 'calls' now, push a lot of the http construction of a
call into the agent, allow calls to mutate their state around their execution
easily and to simplify the number of code paths, channels and context timeouts
in something [hopefully] easy to understand.

this introduces the idea of 'slots' which are either hot or cold and are
separate from reserving memory (memory is denominated in 'tokens' now).
a 'slot' is essentially a container that is ready for execution of a call, be
it hot or cold (it just means different things based on hotness). taking a
look into Submit should make these relatively easy to grok.

sorry, things were pretty broken especially wrt timings. I tried to keep good
notes (maybe too good), to highlight stuff so that we don't make the same
mistakes again (history repeating itself blah blah quote). even now, there is
lots of work to do :)

I encourage just reading the agent.go code, Submit is really simple and
there's a description of how the whole thing works at the head of the file
(after TODOs). call.go contains code for constructing calls, as well as Start
/ End (small atm). I did some amount of code massaging to try to make things
simple / straightforward / fit reasonable mental model, but as always am open
to critique (the more negative the better) as I'm just one guy and wth do i
know...

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

below enumerates a number of changes as briefly as possible (heh..):

models.Call all the things

removes models.Task as models.Call is now what it previously was.
models.FnCall is now rid of in favor of models.Call, despite the datastore
only storing a few fields of it [for now]. we should probably store entire
calls in the db, since app & route configurations can change at any given
moment, it would be nice to see the parameters of each call (costs db space,
obviously).

this removes the endpoints for getting & deleting messages, we were just
looping back to localhost to call the MQ (wtf? this was for iron integration i
think) and just calls the MQ.

changes the name of the FnLog to LogStore, confusing cause there's also a
`FuncLogger` which uses the Logstore (punting). removes other `Fn` prefixed
structs (redundant naming convention).

removes some unused and/or weird structs (IDStatus, CompleteTime)

updates the swagger

makes the db methods consistent to use 'Call' nomenclature.

remove runner nuisances:

* push down registry stuff to docker driver
* remove Environment / Stats stuff of yore
* remove unused writers (now in FuncLogger)
* remove 2 of the task types, old hot stuff, runner, etc

fixes ram available calculation on startup to not always be 300GB (helps a lot
on a laptop!)

format for DOCKER_AUTH env now is not a list but a map (there are no docs,
would prefer to get rid of this altogether anyway). the ~/.docker/cfg expected
format is unchanged.

removes arbitrary task queue, if a machine is out of ram we can probably just
time out without queueing... (can open separate discussion) in any case the
old one didn't really account well for hot tasks, it just lined everyone up in
the task queue if there wasn't a place to run hot and then timed them out
[even if a slot became free].

removes HEADER_ prefixing on any headers in the request to a invoke a call.
(this was inconsistent with cli for test anyway)

removes TASK_ID header sent in to hot only (this is a dupe of FN_CALL_ID,
which has not been removed)

now user functions can reply directly to the client. this means that for
cold containers if they write to stdout it will send a 200 + headers. for
hot containers, the user can reply directly to the client from the container,
i.e. with its preferred status code / headers (vs. always getting a 200).
the dispatch itself is a little http specific atm, i think we can add an
interchange format but the current version is easily extended to add json for
now, separate discussion. this eliminates a lot of the request/response
rewriting and buffering we were doing (yey). now Dispatch ONLY does input and
output, vs. managing the call timeout and having access to a call's fields.

cache is pushed down into agent now instead of in the front end, would like to
push it down to the datastore actually but it's here for now anyway. cache
delete functions removed (b/c fn is distributed anyway?). added app caching,
should help with latency.

in general, a lot of server/runner.go got pushed down into the agent. i think
it will be useful in testing to be able to construct calls without having to
invoke http handlers + async also needs to construct calls without a handler.

safe shutdown actually works now for everything (leaked / didn't wait on
certain things before)

now we're waiting for hot slots to open up while we're attempting to get ram
to launch a container if we didn't find any hot slots to run the call in
immediately. we can change this policy really easily now (no more channel
jungle; still some channels). also looking for somewhere else to go while the
container is launching now. slots now get sent _out_ of a container, vs.
a container receiving calls, which makes this kind of policy easier to
implement. this fixes a number of bugs around things like trying to execute
calls against containers that have not and may never start and trying to
launch a bazillion containers when there are no free containers. the driver api
underwent some changes to make this possible (relatively minimal, added Wait).
the easiest way to think about this is that allocating ram has moved 'up'
instead of just wrapping launching containers, so that we can select on a
channel trying to find ram.

not dispatching hot calls to containers that died anymore either...

the timeout is now started at the beginning of Submit, rather than Dispatch or
the container itself having to manage the call timeout, which was an
inaccurate way of doing things since finding a slot / allocating ram / pulling
image can all take a non-trivial (timeout amount, even!) amount of time. this
makes for much more reasonable response times from fn under load, there's
still a little TODO about handling cold+timeout container removal response
times but it's much improved.

if call.Start is called with < call.timeout/2 time left, then the call will
not be executed and return a timeout. we can discuss. this makes async play
_a lot_ nicer, specifically. for large timeouts / 2 makes less sense.

env is no longer getting upper cased (admittedly, this can look a little weird
now). our whole route.Config/app.Config/env/headers stuff probably deserves a
whole discussion...

sync output no longer has the call id in json if there's an error / timeout.
we could add this back to signify that it's _us_ writing these but this was
out of place. FN_CALL_ID is still shipped out to get the id for sync calls,
and async [server] output remains unchanged.

async logs are now an entire raw http request (so that a user can write a 400
or something from their hot async container)

async hot now 'just works'

cold sync calls can now reply to the client before container removal, which
shaves a lot of latency off of those (still eat start). still need to figure
out async removal if timeout or something.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

i've located a number of bugs that were generally inherited, and also added
a number of TODOs in the head of the agent.go file according to robustness we
probably need to add. this is at least at parity with the previous
implementation, to my knowledge (hopefully/likely a good bit ahead). I can
memorialize these to github quickly enough, not that anybody searches before
adding bugs anyway (sigh).

the big thing to work on next imo is async being a lot more robust,
specifically to survive fn server failures / network issues.

thanks for review (gulp)

api/agent/protocol/default.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package protocol
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+// DefaultProtocol is the protocol used by cold-containers
+type DefaultProtocol struct{}
+
+func (p *DefaultProtocol) IsStreamable() bool                            { return false }
+func (d *DefaultProtocol) Dispatch(w io.Writer, req *http.Request) error { return nil }

api/agent/protocol/factory.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package protocol
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/fnproject/fn/api/models"
+)
+
+var errInvalidProtocol = errors.New("Invalid Protocol")
+
+type errorProto struct {
+	error
+}
+
+func (e errorProto) IsStreamable() bool                      { return false }
+func (e errorProto) Dispatch(io.Writer, *http.Request) error { return e }
+
+// ContainerIO defines the interface used to talk to a hot function.
+// Internally, a protocol must know when to alternate between stdin and stdout.
+// It returns any protocol error, if present.
+type ContainerIO interface {
+	IsStreamable() bool
+
+	// Dispatch will handle sending stdin and stdout to a container. Implementers
+	// of Dispatch may format the input and output differently. Dispatch must respect
+	// the req.Context() timeout / cancellation.
+	Dispatch(w io.Writer, req *http.Request) error
+}
+
+// Protocol defines all protocols that operates a ContainerIO.
+type Protocol string
+
+// hot function protocols
+const (
+	Default Protocol = models.FormatDefault
+	HTTP    Protocol = models.FormatHTTP
+	Empty   Protocol = ""
+)
+
+func (p *Protocol) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
+	switch Protocol(b) {
+	case Empty, Default:
+		*p = Default
+	case HTTP:
+		*p = HTTP
+	default:
+		return errInvalidProtocol
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p Protocol) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	switch p {
+	case Empty, Default:
+		return []byte(Default), nil
+	case HTTP:
+		return []byte(HTTP), nil
+	}
+	return nil, errInvalidProtocol
+}
+
+// New creates a valid protocol handler from a I/O pipe representing containers
+// stdin/stdout.
+func New(p Protocol, in io.Writer, out io.Reader) ContainerIO {
+	switch p {
+	case HTTP:
+		return &HTTPProtocol{in, out}
+	case Default, Empty:
+		return &DefaultProtocol{}
+	}
+	return &errorProto{errInvalidProtocol}
+}
+
+// IsStreamable says whether the given protocol can be used for streaming into
+// hot functions.
+func IsStreamable(p Protocol) bool { return New(p, nil, nil).IsStreamable() }

api/agent/protocol/http.go

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+package protocol
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httputil"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// HTTPProtocol converts stdin/stdout streams into HTTP/1.1 compliant
+// communication. It relies on Content-Length to know when to stop reading from
+// containers stdout. It also mandates valid HTTP headers back and forth, thus
+// returning errors in case of parsing problems.
+type HTTPProtocol struct {
+	in  io.Writer
+	out io.Reader
+}
+
+func (p *HTTPProtocol) IsStreamable() bool { return true }
+
+// this is just an http.Handler really
+// TODO handle req.Context better with io.Copy. io.Copy could push us
+// over the timeout.
+// TODO maybe we should take io.Writer, io.Reader but then we have to
+// dump the request to a buffer again :(
+func (h *HTTPProtocol) Dispatch(w io.Writer, req *http.Request) error {
+	err := DumpRequestTo(h.in, req) // TODO timeout
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if rw, ok := w.(http.ResponseWriter); ok {
+		// if we're writing directly to the response writer, we need to set headers
+		// and status code first since calling res.Write will just write the http
+		// response as the body (headers and all)
+
+		res, err := http.ReadResponse(bufio.NewReader(h.out), req) // TODO timeout
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		for k, v := range res.Header {
+			rw.Header()[k] = v
+		}
+		rw.WriteHeader(res.StatusCode)
+		// TODO should we TCP_CORK ?
+
+		io.Copy(rw, res.Body) // TODO timeout
+		res.Body.Close()
+	} else {
+		// logs can just copy the full thing in there, headers and all.
+
+		res, err := http.ReadResponse(bufio.NewReader(h.out), req) // TODO timeout
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		res.Write(w) // TODO timeout
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DumpRequestTo is httputil.DumpRequest with some modifications. It will
+// dump the request to the provided io.Writer with the body always, consuming
+// the body in the process.
+//
+// TODO we should support h2!
+func DumpRequestTo(w io.Writer, req *http.Request) error {
+	// By default, print out the unmodified req.RequestURI, which
+	// is always set for incoming server requests. But because we
+	// previously used req.URL.RequestURI and the docs weren't
+	// always so clear about when to use DumpRequest vs
+	// DumpRequestOut, fall back to the old way if the caller
+	// provides a non-server Request.
+
+	reqURI := req.RequestURI
+	if reqURI == "" {
+		reqURI = req.URL.RequestURI()
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s %s HTTP/%d.%d\r\n", valueOrDefault(req.Method, "GET"),
+		reqURI, req.ProtoMajor, req.ProtoMinor)
+
+	absRequestURI := strings.HasPrefix(req.RequestURI, "http://") || strings.HasPrefix(req.RequestURI, "https://")
+	if !absRequestURI {
+		host := req.Host
+		if host == "" && req.URL != nil {
+			host = req.URL.Host
+		}
+
+		if host != "" {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Host: %s\r\n", host)
+		}
+	}
+
+	chunked := len(req.TransferEncoding) > 0 && req.TransferEncoding[0] == "chunked"
+
+	if len(req.TransferEncoding) > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Transfer-Encoding: %s\r\n", strings.Join(req.TransferEncoding, ","))
+	}
+
+	if req.Close {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Connection: close\r\n")
+	}
+
+	err := req.Header.WriteSubset(w, reqWriteExcludeHeaderDump)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	io.WriteString(w, "\r\n")
+
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		var dest io.Writer = w
+		if chunked {
+			dest = httputil.NewChunkedWriter(dest)
+		}
+
+		// TODO copy w/ ctx
+		_, err = io.Copy(dest, req.Body)
+		if chunked {
+			dest.(io.Closer).Close()
+			io.WriteString(w, "\r\n")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return err
+}
+
+var reqWriteExcludeHeaderDump = map[string]bool{
+	"Host":              true, // not in Header map anyway
+	"Transfer-Encoding": true,
+	"Trailer":           true,
+}
+
+// Return value if nonempty, def otherwise.
+func valueOrDefault(value, def string) string {
+	if value != "" {
+		return value
+	}
+	return def
+}