Merge branch 'main' into fix-texlog-maxlines

.github/workflows/pythonpackage.yml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
-        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10"]
+        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ jobs:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
           architecture: x64
       - name: Install and configure Poetry
-        uses: snok/install-poetry@v1.1.6
+        uses: snok/install-poetry@v1.3.3
         with:
-          version: 1.1.6
+          version: 1.2.2
           virtualenvs-in-project: true
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: poetry install --extras "dev"

.gitignore

@@ -116,3 +116,6 @@ venv.bak/
 
 # Snapshot testing report output directory
 tests/snapshot_tests/output
+
+# Sandbox folder - convenient place for us to develop small test apps without leaving the repo
+sandbox/

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -7,9 +7,24 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
 
 ## [0.2.2] - Unreleased
 
+### Fixed
+
+- Fixed issue where scrollbars weren't being unmounted
+
 ### Changed
 
 - DOMQuery now raises InvalidQueryFormat in response to invalid query strings, rather than cryptic CSS error
+- Dropped quit_after, screenshot, and screenshot_title from App.run, which can all be done via auto_pilot
+- Widgets are now closed in reversed DOM order
+
+### Added
+
+- Added Unmount event
+- Added App.run_async method
+- Added App.run_test context manager
+- Added auto_pilot to App.run and App.run_async
+- Added Widget._get_virtual_dom to get scrollbars
+- Added size parameter to run and run_async
 
 ## [0.2.1] - 2022-10-23
 

docs/examples/tutorial/stopwatch03.css

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ Stopwatch {
     layout: horizontal;
     background: $boost;
     height: 5;
-    padding: 1;
     margin: 1;
+    min-width: 50;
+    padding: 1;
 }
 
 TimeDisplay {

docs/examples/tutorial/stopwatch04.css

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ Stopwatch {
     layout: horizontal;
     background: $boost;
     height: 5;
-    min-width: 50;
     margin: 1;
+    min-width: 50;
     padding: 1;
 }
 

docs/guide/devtools.md

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ If you combine the `run` command with the `--dev` switch your app will run in *d
 textual run --dev my_app.py
 ```
 
-One of the the features of *dev* mode is live editing of CSS files: any changes to your CSS will be reflected in the terminal a few milliseconds later.
+One of the features of *dev* mode is live editing of CSS files: any changes to your CSS will be reflected in the terminal a few milliseconds later.
 
 This is a great feature for iterating on your app's look and feel. Open the CSS in your editor and have your app running in a terminal. Edits to your CSS will appear almost immediately after you save.
 

docs/guide/events.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ We've used event handler methods in many of the examples in this guide. This cha
 
 ## Messages
 
-Events are a particular kind of *message* sent by Textual in response to input and other state changes. Events are reserved for use by Textual but you can also create custom messages for the purpose of coordinating between widgets in your app.
+Events are a particular kind of *message* sent by Textual in response to input and other state changes. Events are reserved for use by Textual, but you can also create custom messages for the purpose of coordinating between widgets in your app.
 
 More on that later, but for now keep in mind that events are also messages, and anything that is true of messages is true of events.
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ More on that later, but for now keep in mind that events are also messages, and
 
 Every [App][textual.app.App] and [Widget][textual.widget.Widget] object contains a *message queue*. You can think of a message queue as orders at a restaurant. The chef takes an order and makes the dish. Orders that arrive while the chef is cooking are placed in a line. When the chef has finished a dish they pick up the next order in the line.
 
-Textual processes messages in the same way. Messages are picked off a queue and processed (cooked) by a handler method. This guarantees messages and events are processed even if your code can not handle them right way.
+Textual processes messages in the same way. Messages are picked off a queue and processed (cooked) by a handler method. This guarantees messages and events are processed even if your code can not handle them right away.
 
 This processing of messages is done within an asyncio Task which is started when you mount the widget. The task monitors a queue for new messages and dispatches them to the appropriate handler when they arrive.
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ The widget's task will pick the first message from the queue (a key event for th
 --8<-- "docs/images/events/queue.excalidraw.svg"
 </div>
 
-When the `on_key` method returns, Textual will get the next event from the the queue and repeat the process for the remaining keys. At some point the queue will be empty and the widget is said to be in an *idle* state.
+When the `on_key` method returns, Textual will get the next event from the queue and repeat the process for the remaining keys. At some point the queue will be empty and the widget is said to be in an *idle* state.
 
 !!! note
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ As before, the event bubbles to its parent (the App class).
 --8<-- "docs/images/events/bubble3.excalidraw.svg"
 </div>
 
-The App class is always the root of the DOM, so there is no where for the event to bubble to.
+The App class is always the root of the DOM, so there is nowhere for the event to bubble to.
 
 ### Stopping bubbling
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ The message class is defined within the widget class itself. This is not strictl
 
 ## Sending events
 
-In the previous example we used [emit()][textual.message_pump.MessagePump.emit] to send an event to it's parent. We could also have used [emit_no_wait()][textual.message_pump.MessagePump.emit_no_wait] for non async code. Sending messages in this way allows you to write custom widgets without needing to know in what context they will be used.
+In the previous example we used [emit()][textual.message_pump.MessagePump.emit] to send an event to its parent. We could also have used [emit_no_wait()][textual.message_pump.MessagePump.emit_no_wait] for non async code. Sending messages in this way allows you to write custom widgets without needing to know in what context they will be used.
 
 There are other ways of sending (posting) messages, which you may need to use less frequently.
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ Most of the logic in a Textual app will be written in message handlers. Let's ex
 Textual uses the following scheme to map messages classes on to a Python method.
 
 - Start with `"on_"`.
-- Add the messages namespace (if any) converted from CamelCase to snake_case plus an underscore `"_"`
+- Add the messages' namespace (if any) converted from CamelCase to snake_case plus an underscore `"_"`
 - Add the name of the class converted from CamelCase to snake_case.
 
 <div class="excalidraw">
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ This pattern is a convenience that saves writing out a parameter that may not be
 
 Message handlers may be coroutines. If you prefix your handlers with the `async` keyword, Textual will `await` them. This lets your handler use the `await` keyword for asynchronous APIs.
 
-If your event handlers are coroutines it will allow multiple events to be processed concurrently, but bear in mind an individual widget (or app) will not be able to pick up a new message from its message queue until the handler has returned. This is rarely a problem in practice; as long has handlers return within a few milliseconds the UI will remain responsive. But slow handlers might make your app hard to use.
+If your event handlers are coroutines it will allow multiple events to be processed concurrently, but bear in mind an individual widget (or app) will not be able to pick up a new message from its message queue until the handler has returned. This is rarely a problem in practice; as long as handlers return within a few milliseconds the UI will remain responsive. But slow handlers might make your app hard to use.
 
 !!! info
 

docs/guide/reactivity.md

@@ -165,7 +165,11 @@ If you click the buttons in the above example it will show the current count. Wh
 
 ## Watch methods
 
-Watch methods are another superpower. Textual will call watch methods when reactive attributes are modified. Watch methods begin with `watch_` followed by the name of the attribute. If the watch method accepts a positional argument, it will be called with the new assigned value. If the watch method accepts *two* positional arguments, it will be called with both the *old* value and the *new* value.
+Watch methods are another superpower.
+Textual will call watch methods when reactive attributes are modified.
+Watch methods begin with `watch_` followed by the name of the attribute.
+If the watch method accepts a positional argument, it will be called with the new assigned value.
+If the watch method accepts *two* positional arguments, it will be called with both the *old* value and the *new* value.
 
 The following app will display any color you type in to the input. Try it with a valid color in Textual CSS. For example `"darkorchid"` or `"#52de44"`.
 
@@ -192,6 +196,12 @@ The following app will display any color you type in to the input. Try it with a
 
 The color is parsed in `on_input_submitted` and assigned to `self.color`. Because `color` is reactive, Textual also calls `watch_color` with the old and new values.
 
+### When are watch methods called?
+
+Textual only calls watch methods if the value of a reactive attribute _changes_.
+If the newly assigned value is the same as the previous value, the watch method is not called.
+You can override this behaviour by passing `always_update=True` to `reactive`.
+
 ## Compute methods
 
 Compute methods are the final superpower offered by the `reactive` descriptor. Textual runs compute methods to calculate the value of a reactive attribute. Compute methods begin with `compute_` followed by the name of the reactive value.

docs/reference/pilot.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+::: textual.pilot

docs/tutorial.md

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ Let's examine `stopwatch01.py` in more detail.
 --8<-- "docs/examples/tutorial/stopwatch01.py"
 ```
 
-The first line imports the Textual `App` class, which we will use as the base class for our App. The second line imports two builtin widgets: `Footer` which shows a bar at the bottom of the screen with current keys, and `Header` which shows a title and the current time at the top of the screen. Widgets are re-usable components responsible for managing a part of the screen. We will cover how to build widgets in this tutorial.
+The first line imports the Textual `App` class, which we will use as the base class for our App. The second line imports two builtin widgets: `Footer` which shows a bar at the bottom of the screen with bound keys, and `Header` which shows a title at the top of the screen. Widgets are re-usable components responsible for managing a part of the screen. We will cover how to build widgets in this tutorial.
 
 The following lines define the app itself:
 
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ The Stopwatch widget class also extends `Static`. This class has a `compose()` m
 
 #### The buttons
 
-The Button constructor takes a label to be displayed in the button (`"Start"`, `"Stop"`, or `"Reset"`). Additionally some of the buttons set the following parameters:
+The Button constructor takes a label to be displayed in the button (`"Start"`, `"Stop"`, or `"Reset"`). Additionally, some of the buttons set the following parameters:
 
 - `id` is an identifier we can use to tell the buttons apart in code and apply styles. More on that later.
 - `variant` is a string which selects a default style. The "success" variant makes the button green, and the "error" variant makes it red.
@@ -233,8 +233,9 @@ Stopwatch {
     layout: horizontal;
     background: $boost;
     height: 5;
-    padding: 1;
     margin: 1;
+    min-width: 50;
+    padding: 1;
 }
 ```
 
@@ -249,8 +250,9 @@ Here's how this CSS code changes how the `Stopwatch` widget is displayed.
 - `layout: horizontal` aligns child widgets horizontally from left to right.
 - `background: $boost` sets the background color to `$boost`. The `$` prefix picks a pre-defined color from the builtin theme. There are other ways to specify colors such as `"blue"` or `rgb(20,46,210)`.
 - `height: 5` sets the height of our widget to 5 lines of text.
-- `padding: 1` sets a padding of 1 cell around the child widgets.
 - `margin: 1` sets a margin of 1 cell around the `Stopwatch` widget to create a little space between widgets in the list.
+- `min-width: 50` sets the minimum width of our widget to 50 cells.
+- `padding: 1` sets a padding of 1 cell around the child widgets.
 
 
 Here's the rest of `stopwatch03.css` which contains further declaration blocks:
@@ -288,7 +290,7 @@ The last 3 blocks have a slightly different format. When the declaration begins
 
 The buttons have a `dock` style which aligns the widget to a given edge. The start and stop buttons are docked to the left edge, while the reset button is docked to the right edge.
 
-You may have noticed that the stop button (`#stop` in the CSS) has `display: none;`. This tells Textual to not show the button. We do this because we don't want to display the stop button when the timer is *not* running. Similarly we don't want to show the start button when the timer is running. We will cover how to manage such dynamic user interfaces in the next section.
+You may have noticed that the stop button (`#stop` in the CSS) has `display: none;`. This tells Textual to not show the button. We do this because we don't want to display the stop button when the timer is *not* running. Similarly, we don't want to show the start button when the timer is running. We will cover how to manage such dynamic user interfaces in the next section.
 
 ### Dynamic CSS
 
@@ -333,7 +335,7 @@ The following code will start or stop the stopwatches in response to clicking a
 --8<-- "docs/examples/tutorial/stopwatch04.py"
 ```
 
-The `on_button_pressed` method is an *event handler*. Event handlers are methods called by Textual in response to an *event* such as a key press, mouse click, etc. Event handlers begin with `on_` followed by the name of the event they will handler. Hence `on_button_pressed` will handle the button pressed event.
+The `on_button_pressed` method is an *event handler*. Event handlers are methods called by Textual in response to an *event* such as a key press, mouse click, etc. Event handlers begin with `on_` followed by the name of the event they will handle. Hence `on_button_pressed` will handle the button pressed event.
 
 If you run `stopwatch04.py` now you will be able to toggle between the two states by clicking the first button:
 

mkdocs.yml

@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ nav:
     - "reference/index.md"
     - "reference/message_pump.md"
     - "reference/message.md"
+    - "reference/pilot.md"
     - "reference/query.md"
     - "reference/reactive.md"
     - "reference/screen.md"

poetry.lock

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ typing-extensions = {version = ">=3.7.4", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
 yarl = ">=1.0,<2.0"
 
 [package.extras]
-speedups = ["aiodns", "brotli", "cchardet"]
+speedups = ["Brotli", "aiodns", "cchardet"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "aiosignal"
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.5"
 
 [package.extras]
-dev = ["coverage[toml] (>=5.0.2)", "hypothesis", "pympler", "pytest (>=4.3.0)", "mypy (>=0.900,!=0.940)", "pytest-mypy-plugins", "zope.interface", "furo", "sphinx", "sphinx-notfound-page", "pre-commit", "cloudpickle"]
+dev = ["cloudpickle", "coverage[toml] (>=5.0.2)", "furo", "hypothesis", "mypy (>=0.900,!=0.940)", "pre-commit", "pympler", "pytest (>=4.3.0)", "pytest-mypy-plugins", "sphinx", "sphinx-notfound-page", "zope.interface"]
-docs = ["furo", "sphinx", "zope.interface", "sphinx-notfound-page"]
+docs = ["furo", "sphinx", "sphinx-notfound-page", "zope.interface"]
-tests = ["coverage[toml] (>=5.0.2)", "hypothesis", "pympler", "pytest (>=4.3.0)", "mypy (>=0.900,!=0.940)", "pytest-mypy-plugins", "zope.interface", "cloudpickle"]
+tests = ["cloudpickle", "coverage[toml] (>=5.0.2)", "hypothesis", "mypy (>=0.900,!=0.940)", "pympler", "pytest (>=4.3.0)", "pytest-mypy-plugins", "zope.interface"]
-tests_no_zope = ["coverage[toml] (>=5.0.2)", "hypothesis", "pympler", "pytest (>=4.3.0)", "mypy (>=0.900,!=0.940)", "pytest-mypy-plugins", "cloudpickle"]
+tests-no-zope = ["cloudpickle", "coverage[toml] (>=5.0.2)", "hypothesis", "mypy (>=0.900,!=0.940)", "pympler", "pytest (>=4.3.0)", "pytest-mypy-plugins"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "black"
@@ -120,11 +120,11 @@ optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6.0"
 
 [package.extras]
-unicode_backport = ["unicodedata2"]
+unicode-backport = ["unicodedata2"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "click"
-version = "8.1.2"
+version = "8.1.3"
 description = "Composable command line interface toolkit"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
@@ -136,11 +136,11 @@ importlib-metadata = {version = "*", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
 
 [[package]]
 name = "colorama"
-version = "0.4.5"
+version = "0.4.6"
 description = "Cross-platform colored terminal text."
 category = "main"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*"
+python-versions = "!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*,!=3.4.*,!=3.5.*,!=3.6.*,>=2.7"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "colored"
@@ -180,6 +180,17 @@ category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "exceptiongroup"
+version = "1.0.0"
+description = "Backport of PEP 654 (exception groups)"
+category = "dev"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
+
+[package.extras]
+test = ["pytest (>=6)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "filelock"
 version = "3.8.0"
@@ -212,11 +223,11 @@ python-versions = "*"
 python-dateutil = ">=2.8.1"
 
 [package.extras]
-dev = ["twine", "markdown", "flake8", "wheel"]
+dev = ["flake8", "markdown", "twine", "wheel"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "griffe"
-version = "0.22.2"
+version = "0.23.0"
 description = "Signatures for entire Python programs. Extract the structure, the frame, the skeleton of your project, to generate API documentation or find breaking changes in your API."
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
@@ -230,7 +241,7 @@ async = ["aiofiles (>=0.7,<1.0)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "identify"
-version = "2.5.6"
+version = "2.5.8"
 description = "File identification library for Python"
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
@@ -260,9 +271,9 @@ typing-extensions = {version = ">=3.6.4", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
 zipp = ">=0.5"
 
 [package.extras]
-docs = ["sphinx (>=3.5)", "jaraco.packaging (>=9)", "rst.linker (>=1.9)", "furo", "jaraco.tidelift (>=1.4)"]
+docs = ["furo", "jaraco.packaging (>=9)", "jaraco.tidelift (>=1.4)", "rst.linker (>=1.9)", "sphinx (>=3.5)"]
 perf = ["ipython"]
-testing = ["pytest (>=6)", "pytest-checkdocs (>=2.4)", "pytest-flake8", "flake8 (<5)", "pytest-cov", "pytest-enabler (>=1.3)", "packaging", "pyfakefs", "flufl.flake8", "pytest-perf (>=0.9.2)", "pytest-black (>=0.3.7)", "pytest-mypy (>=0.9.1)", "importlib-resources (>=1.3)"]
+testing = ["flake8 (<5)", "flufl.flake8", "importlib-resources (>=1.3)", "packaging", "pyfakefs", "pytest (>=6)", "pytest-black (>=0.3.7)", "pytest-checkdocs (>=2.4)", "pytest-cov", "pytest-enabler (>=1.3)", "pytest-flake8", "pytest-mypy (>=0.9.1)", "pytest-perf (>=0.9.2)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "iniconfig"
@@ -339,8 +350,8 @@ typing-extensions = {version = ">=3.10", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
 watchdog = ">=2.0"
 
 [package.extras]
-min-versions = ["watchdog (==2.0)", "typing-extensions (==3.10)", "pyyaml (==5.1)", "pyyaml-env-tag (==0.1)", "packaging (==20.5)", "mergedeep (==1.3.4)", "markupsafe (==2.0.1)", "markdown (==3.2.1)", "jinja2 (==2.11.1)", "importlib-metadata (==4.3)", "ghp-import (==1.0)", "colorama (==0.4)", "click (==7.0)", "babel (==2.9.0)"]
 i18n = ["babel (>=2.9.0)"]
+min-versions = ["babel (==2.9.0)", "click (==7.0)", "colorama (==0.4)", "ghp-import (==1.0)", "importlib-metadata (==4.3)", "jinja2 (==2.11.1)", "markdown (==3.2.1)", "markupsafe (==2.0.1)", "mergedeep (==1.3.4)", "packaging (==20.5)", "pyyaml (==5.1)", "pyyaml-env-tag (==0.1)", "typing-extensions (==3.10)", "watchdog (==2.0)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mkdocs-autorefs"
@@ -472,6 +483,9 @@ category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=2.7,!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*,!=3.4.*,!=3.5.*,!=3.6.*"
 
+[package.dependencies]
+setuptools = "*"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "packaging"
 version = "21.3"
@@ -500,8 +514,8 @@ optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 
 [package.extras]
-docs = ["furo (>=2021.7.5b38)", "proselint (>=0.10.2)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.12)", "sphinx (>=4)"]
+docs = ["furo (>=2021.7.5b38)", "proselint (>=0.10.2)", "sphinx (>=4)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.12)"]
-test = ["appdirs (==1.4.4)", "pytest-cov (>=2.7)", "pytest-mock (>=3.6)", "pytest (>=6)"]
+test = ["appdirs (==1.4.4)", "pytest (>=6)", "pytest-cov (>=2.7)", "pytest-mock (>=3.6)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pluggy"
@@ -535,14 +549,6 @@ pyyaml = ">=5.1"
 toml = "*"
 virtualenv = ">=20.0.8"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "py"
-version = "1.11.0"
-description = "library with cross-python path, ini-parsing, io, code, log facilities"
-category = "dev"
-optional = false
-python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "pygments"
 version = "2.13.0"
@@ -574,11 +580,11 @@ optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6.8"
 
 [package.extras]
-diagrams = ["railroad-diagrams", "jinja2"]
+diagrams = ["jinja2", "railroad-diagrams"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest"
-version = "7.1.3"
+version = "7.2.0"
 description = "pytest: simple powerful testing with Python"
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
@@ -587,12 +593,12 @@ python-versions = ">=3.7"
 [package.dependencies]
 attrs = ">=19.2.0"
 colorama = {version = "*", markers = "sys_platform == \"win32\""}
+exceptiongroup = {version = ">=1.0.0rc8", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
 importlib-metadata = {version = ">=0.12", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
 iniconfig = "*"
 packaging = "*"
 pluggy = ">=0.12,<2.0"
-py = ">=1.8.2"
+tomli = {version = ">=1.0.0", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
-tomli = ">=1.0.0"
 
 [package.extras]
 testing = ["argcomplete", "hypothesis (>=3.56)", "mock", "nose", "pygments (>=2.7.2)", "requests", "xmlschema"]
@@ -626,7 +632,7 @@ pytest = ">=6.1.0"
 typing-extensions = {version = ">=3.7.2", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
 
 [package.extras]
-testing = ["coverage (>=6.2)", "hypothesis (>=5.7.1)", "flaky (>=3.5.0)", "mypy (>=0.931)", "pytest-trio (>=0.7.0)"]
+testing = ["coverage (>=6.2)", "flaky (>=3.5.0)", "hypothesis (>=5.7.1)", "mypy (>=0.931)", "pytest-trio (>=0.7.0)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest-cov"
@@ -642,7 +648,7 @@ pytest = ">=4.6"
 toml = "*"
 
 [package.extras]
-testing = ["fields", "hunter", "process-tests", "six", "pytest-xdist", "virtualenv"]
+testing = ["fields", "hunter", "process-tests", "pytest-xdist", "six", "virtualenv"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "python-dateutil"
@@ -690,7 +696,7 @@ urllib3 = ">=1.21.1,<1.27"
 
 [package.extras]
 socks = ["PySocks (>=1.5.6,!=1.5.7)"]
-use_chardet_on_py3 = ["chardet (>=3.0.2,<6)"]
+use-chardet-on-py3 = ["chardet (>=3.0.2,<6)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rich"
@@ -708,6 +714,19 @@ typing-extensions = {version = ">=4.0.0,<5.0", markers = "python_version < \"3.9
 [package.extras]
 jupyter = ["ipywidgets (>=7.5.1,<8.0.0)"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "setuptools"
+version = "65.5.0"
+description = "Easily download, build, install, upgrade, and uninstall Python packages"
+category = "dev"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
+
+[package.extras]
+docs = ["furo", "jaraco.packaging (>=9)", "jaraco.tidelift (>=1.4)", "pygments-github-lexers (==0.0.5)", "rst.linker (>=1.9)", "sphinx (>=3.5)", "sphinx-favicon", "sphinx-hoverxref (<2)", "sphinx-inline-tabs", "sphinx-notfound-page (==0.8.3)", "sphinx-reredirects", "sphinxcontrib-towncrier"]
+testing = ["build[virtualenv]", "filelock (>=3.4.0)", "flake8 (<5)", "flake8-2020", "ini2toml[lite] (>=0.9)", "jaraco.envs (>=2.2)", "jaraco.path (>=3.2.0)", "mock", "pip (>=19.1)", "pip-run (>=8.8)", "pytest (>=6)", "pytest-black (>=0.3.7)", "pytest-checkdocs (>=2.4)", "pytest-cov", "pytest-enabler (>=1.3)", "pytest-flake8", "pytest-mypy (>=0.9.1)", "pytest-perf", "pytest-xdist", "tomli-w (>=1.0.0)", "virtualenv (>=13.0.0)", "wheel"]
+testing-integration = ["build[virtualenv]", "filelock (>=3.4.0)", "jaraco.envs (>=2.2)", "jaraco.path (>=3.2.0)", "pytest", "pytest-enabler", "pytest-xdist", "tomli", "virtualenv (>=13.0.0)", "wheel"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "six"
 version = "1.16.0"
@@ -780,26 +799,26 @@ optional = false
 python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*, !=3.5.*, <4"
 
 [package.extras]
-brotli = ["brotlicffi (>=0.8.0)", "brotli (>=1.0.9)", "brotlipy (>=0.6.0)"]
+brotli = ["brotli (>=1.0.9)", "brotlicffi (>=0.8.0)", "brotlipy (>=0.6.0)"]
-secure = ["pyOpenSSL (>=0.14)", "cryptography (>=1.3.4)", "idna (>=2.0.0)", "certifi", "urllib3-secure-extra", "ipaddress"]
+secure = ["certifi", "cryptography (>=1.3.4)", "idna (>=2.0.0)", "ipaddress", "pyOpenSSL (>=0.14)", "urllib3-secure-extra"]
 socks = ["PySocks (>=1.5.6,!=1.5.7,<2.0)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "virtualenv"
-version = "20.16.5"
+version = "20.16.6"
 description = "Virtual Python Environment builder"
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6"
 
 [package.dependencies]
-distlib = ">=0.3.5,<1"
+distlib = ">=0.3.6,<1"
 filelock = ">=3.4.1,<4"
 importlib-metadata = {version = ">=4.8.3", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
 platformdirs = ">=2.4,<3"
 
 [package.extras]
-docs = ["proselint (>=0.13)", "sphinx (>=5.1.1)", "sphinx-argparse (>=0.3.1)", "sphinx-rtd-theme (>=1)", "towncrier (>=21.9)"]
+docs = ["proselint (>=0.13)", "sphinx (>=5.3)", "sphinx-argparse (>=0.3.2)", "sphinx-rtd-theme (>=1)", "towncrier (>=22.8)"]
 testing = ["coverage (>=6.2)", "coverage-enable-subprocess (>=1)", "flaky (>=3.7)", "packaging (>=21.3)", "pytest (>=7.0.1)", "pytest-env (>=0.6.2)", "pytest-freezegun (>=0.4.2)", "pytest-mock (>=3.6.1)", "pytest-randomly (>=3.10.3)", "pytest-timeout (>=2.1)"]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -828,15 +847,15 @@ typing-extensions = {version = ">=3.7.4", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zipp"
-version = "3.9.0"
+version = "3.10.0"
 description = "Backport of pathlib-compatible object wrapper for zip files"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 
 [package.extras]
-docs = ["sphinx (>=3.5)", "jaraco.packaging (>=9)", "rst.linker (>=1.9)", "furo", "jaraco.tidelift (>=1.4)"]
+docs = ["furo", "jaraco.packaging (>=9)", "jaraco.tidelift (>=1.4)", "rst.linker (>=1.9)", "sphinx (>=3.5)"]
-testing = ["pytest (>=6)", "pytest-checkdocs (>=2.4)", "pytest-flake8", "flake8 (<5)", "pytest-cov", "pytest-enabler (>=1.3)", "jaraco.itertools", "func-timeout", "jaraco.functools", "more-itertools", "pytest-black (>=0.3.7)", "pytest-mypy (>=0.9.1)"]
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 [extras]
 dev = ["aiohttp", "click", "msgpack"]
@@ -844,10 +863,98 @@ dev = ["aiohttp", "click", "msgpack"]
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "1.1"
 python-versions = "^3.7"
-content-hash = "84203bb5193474eb9204f4f808739cb25e61f02a38d0062ea2ea71d3703573c1"
+content-hash = "cfa35529900ee7fc7bca1e2a189f0240081bdbc75b501b25b394dfce66261c8b"
 
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-aiohttp = []
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+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:6347f1a58e658b97b0a0d1ff7658a03cb79bdbda0331603bed24dd7054a6dea1"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp38-cp38-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:7c0da7e44d0c9108d8b98469338705e07f4bb7dab96dbd8fa4e91b337db42548"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:5587bba41399854703212b87071c6d8638fa6e61656385875f8c6dff92b2e461"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:31a9a04ecccd6b03e2b0e12e82131f1488dea5555a13a4d32f064e22a6003cfe"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:205904cffd69ae972a1707a1bd3ea7cded594b1d773a0ce66714edf17833cdae"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:ea513a25976d21733bff523e0ca836ef1679630ef4ad22d46987d04b372d57fc"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:d0b51530877d3ad7a8d47b2fff0c8df3b8f3b8deddf057379ba50b13df2a5eae"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_1_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:d2b8f245dad9e331540c350285910b20dd913dc86d4ee410c11d48523c4fd546"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_1_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:ab2a60d57ca88e1d4ca34a10e9fb4ab2ac5ad315543351de3a612bbb0560bead"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_1_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:449c957ffc6bc2309e1fbe67ab7d2c1efca89d3f4912baeb8ead207bb3cc1cd4"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_1_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:a165442348c211b5dea67c0206fc61366212d7082ba8118c8c5c1c853ea4d82e"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp38-cp38-musllinux_1_1_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:b3ded839a5c5608eec8b6f9ae9a62cb22cd037ea97c627f38ae0841a48f09eae"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp38-cp38-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:c1445a0c562ed561d06d8cbc5c8916c6008a31c60bc3655cdd2de1d3bf5174a0"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:56c11efb0a89700987d05597b08a1efcd78d74c52febe530126785e1b1a285f4"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp39-cp39-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:e80ed5a9939ceb6fda42811542f31c8602be336b1fb977bccb012e83da7e4936"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp39-cp39-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:6afb336e23a793cd3b6476c30f030a0d4c7539cd81649683b5e0c1b0ab0bf350"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp39-cp39-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:4c322cbaa4ed78a8aac89b2174a6df398faf50e5fc12c4c191c40c59d5e28357"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:fae37373155f5ef9b403ab48af5136ae9851151f7aacd9926251ab26b953118b"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:5395da939ffa959974577eff2cbfc24b004a2fb6c346918f39966a5786874e54"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:076eede537ab978b605f41db79a56cad2e7efeea2aa6e0fa8f05a26c24a034fb"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:3d1a50e461615747dd93c099f297c1994d472b0f4d2db8a64e55b1edf704ec1c"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:7de89c8456525650ffa2bb56a3eee6af891e98f498babd43ae307bd42dca98f6"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_1_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:4a88510731cd8d4befaba5fbd734a7dd914de5ab8132a5b3dde0bbd6c9476c64"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_1_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:2d93a049d29df172f48bcb09acf9226318e712ce67374f893b460b42cc1380ae"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_1_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:21ac44b763e0eec15746a3d440f5e09ad2ecc8b5f6dcd3ea8cb4773d6d4703e3"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_1_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:d0272228fabe78ce00a3365ffffd6f643f57a91043e119c289aaba202f4095b0"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_1_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:99449cd5366fe4608e7226c6cae80873296dfa0cde45d9b498fefa1de315a09e"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp39-cp39-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:8b0af1cf36b93cee99a31a545fe91d08223e64390c5ecc5e94c39511832a4bb6"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:de49d77e968de6626ba7ef4472323f9d2e5a56c1d85b7c0e2a190b2173d3b9be"},
+    {file = "yarl-1.8.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:af887845b8c2e060eb5605ff72b6f2dd2aab7a761379373fd89d314f4752abbf"},
+]
+zipp = [
+    {file = "zipp-3.10.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4fcb6f278987a6605757302a6e40e896257570d11c51628968ccb2a47e80c6c1"},
+    {file = "zipp-3.10.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:7a7262fd930bd3e36c50b9a64897aec3fafff3dfdeec9623ae22b40e93f99bb8"},
+]

pyproject.toml

@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ importlib-metadata = "^4.11.3"
 typing-extensions = { version = "^4.0.0", python = "<3.10" }
 
 # Dependencies below are required for devtools only
-aiohttp = { version = "^3.8.1", optional = true }
+aiohttp = { version = ">=3.8.1", optional = true }
-click = {version = "8.1.2", optional = true}
+click = {version = ">=8.1.2", optional = true}
-msgpack = { version = "^1.0.3", optional = true }
+msgpack = { version = ">=1.0.3", optional = true }
-nanoid = "^2.0.0"
+nanoid = ">=2.0.0"
 
 [tool.poetry.extras]
 dev = ["aiohttp", "click", "msgpack"]

sandbox/will/fr.py

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
+from textual.containers import Horizontal, Vertical
+from textual.widgets import Static
+
+
+class StaticText(Static):
+    pass
+
+
+class Header(Static):
+    pass
+
+
+class Footer(Static):
+    pass
+
+
+class FrApp(App):
+
+    CSS = """
+    Screen {
+        layout: horizontal;
+        align: center middle;
+      
+    }
+
+    Vertical {
+        
+    }
+
+    Header {
+        background: $boost;
+        
+        content-align: center middle;
+        text-align: center;
+        color: $text;
+        height: 3;
+        border: tall $warning;
+    }
+
+    Horizontal {
+        height: 1fr;
+        align: center middle;
+    }
+
+    Footer {
+        background: $boost;
+        
+        content-align: center middle;
+        text-align: center;
+        
+        color: $text;
+        height: 6;
+        border: tall $warning;
+    }
+
+    StaticText {
+        background: $boost;
+        height: 8;
+        content-align: center middle;
+        text-align: center;
+        color: $text;
+    }
+
+    #foo {
+        width: 10; 
+        border: tall $primary;
+    }
+
+    #bar {
+        width: 1fr;
+        border: tall $error;
+        
+    }
+
+    #baz {
+        width: 20;
+        border: tall $success;
+    }
+
+    """
+
+    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
+        yield Vertical(
+            Header("HEADER"),
+            Horizontal(
+                StaticText("foo", id="foo"),
+                StaticText("bar", id="bar"),
+                StaticText("baz", id="baz"),
+            ),
+            Footer("FOOTER"),
+        )
+
+
+app = FrApp()
+app.run()

src/textual/__init__.py

@@ -51,7 +51,9 @@ class Logger:
         try:
             app = active_app.get()
         except LookupError:
-            raise LoggerError("Unable to log without an active app.") from None
+            print_args = (*args, *[f"{key}={value!r}" for key, value in kwargs.items()])
+            print(*print_args)
+            return
         if app.devtools is None or not app.devtools.is_connected:
             return
 

src/textual/_arrange.py

@@ -60,10 +60,9 @@ def arrange(
         for dock_widget in dock_widgets:
             edge = dock_widget.styles.dock
 
-            fraction_unit = Fraction(
+            box_model = dock_widget._get_box_model(
-                size.height if edge in ("top", "bottom") else size.width
+                size, viewport, Fraction(size.width), Fraction(size.height)
             )
-            box_model = dock_widget._get_box_model(size, viewport, fraction_unit)
             widget_width_fraction, widget_height_fraction, margin = box_model
 
             widget_width = int(widget_width_fraction) + margin.width

src/textual/_doc.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import shlex
 from typing import Iterable
 
 from textual.app import App
+from textual.pilot import Pilot
 from textual._import_app import import_app
 
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ def format_svg(source, language, css_class, options, md, attrs, **kwargs) -> str
         path = cmd[0]
 
         _press = attrs.get("press", None)
-        press = [*_press.split(",")] if _press else ["_"]
+        press = [*_press.split(",")] if _press else []
         title = attrs.get("title")
 
         print(f"screenshotting {path!r}")
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ def format_svg(source, language, css_class, options, md, attrs, **kwargs) -> str
             rows = int(attrs.get("lines", 24))
             columns = int(attrs.get("columns", 80))
             svg = take_svg_screenshot(
-                None, path, press, title, terminal_size=(rows, columns)
+                None, path, press, title, terminal_size=(columns, rows)
             )
         finally:
             os.chdir(cwd)
@@ -45,9 +46,9 @@ def format_svg(source, language, css_class, options, md, attrs, **kwargs) -> str
 def take_svg_screenshot(
     app: App | None = None,
     app_path: str | None = None,
-    press: Iterable[str] = ("_",),
+    press: Iterable[str] = (),
     title: str | None = None,
-    terminal_size: tuple[int, int] = (24, 80),
+    terminal_size: tuple[int, int] = (80, 24),
 ) -> str:
     """
 
@@ -63,25 +64,29 @@ def take_svg_screenshot(
             the screenshot was taken.
 
     """
-    rows, columns = terminal_size
-
-    os.environ["COLUMNS"] = str(columns)
-    os.environ["LINES"] = str(rows)
 
     if app is None:
+        assert app_path is not None
         app = import_app(app_path)
 
+    assert app is not None
+
     if title is None:
         title = app.title
 
-    app.run(
+    async def auto_pilot(pilot: Pilot) -> None:
-        quit_after=5,
+        app = pilot.app
-        press=press or ["ctrl+c"],
+        await pilot.press(*press)
+        svg = app.export_screenshot(title=title)
+        app.exit(svg)
+
+    svg = app.run(
         headless=True,
-        screenshot=True,
+        auto_pilot=auto_pilot,
-        screenshot_title=title,
+        size=terminal_size,
     )
-    svg = app._screenshot
+    assert svg is not None
+
     return svg
 
 

src/textual/_import_app.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
+import sys
 import runpy
 import shlex
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -30,7 +31,6 @@ def import_app(import_name: str) -> App:
 
     import inspect
     import importlib
-    import sys
 
     from textual.app import App, WINDOWS
 
@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@ def import_app(import_name: str) -> App:
         except Exception as error:
             raise AppFail(str(error))
 
-        if "sys" in global_vars:
+        sys.argv[:] = [path, *argv]
-            global_vars["sys"].argv = [path, *argv]
 
         if name:
             # User has given a name, use that

src/textual/_resolve.py

@@ -1,12 +1,23 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import sys
 from fractions import Fraction
 from itertools import accumulate
-from typing import cast, Sequence
+from typing import cast, Sequence, TYPE_CHECKING
 
+from .box_model import BoxModel
 from .css.scalar import Scalar
 from .geometry import Size
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .widget import Widget
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import Literal
+
 
 def resolve(
     dimensions: Sequence[Scalar],
@@ -71,3 +82,79 @@ def resolve(
     ]
 
     return results
+
+
+def resolve_box_models(
+    dimensions: list[Scalar | None],
+    widgets: list[Widget],
+    size: Size,
+    parent_size: Size,
+    dimension: Literal["width", "height"] = "width",
+) -> list[BoxModel]:
+    """Resolve box models for a list of dimensions
+
+    Args:
+        dimensions (list[Scalar  |  None]): A list of Scalars or Nones for each dimension.
+        widgets (list[Widget]): Widgets in resolve.
+        size (Size): size of container.
+        parent_size (Size): Size of parent.
+        dimensions (Literal["width", "height"]): Which dimension to resolve.
+
+    Returns:
+        list[BoxModel]: List of resolved box models.
+    """
+
+    fraction_width = Fraction(size.width)
+    fraction_height = Fraction(size.height)
+    box_models: list[BoxModel | None] = [
+        (
+            None
+            if dimension is not None and dimension.is_fraction
+            else widget._get_box_model(
+                size, parent_size, fraction_width, fraction_height
+            )
+        )
+        for (dimension, widget) in zip(dimensions, widgets)
+    ]
+
+    if dimension == "width":
+        total_remaining = sum(
+            box_model.width for box_model in box_models if box_model is not None
+        )
+        remaining_space = max(0, size.width - total_remaining)
+    else:
+        total_remaining = sum(
+            box_model.height for box_model in box_models if box_model is not None
+        )
+        remaining_space = max(0, size.height - total_remaining)
+
+    fraction_unit = Fraction(
+        remaining_space,
+        int(
+            sum(
+                dimension.value
+                for dimension in dimensions
+                if dimension and dimension.is_fraction
+            )
+        )
+        or 1,
+    )
+    if dimension == "width":
+        width_fraction = fraction_unit
+        height_fraction = Fraction(size.height)
+    else:
+        width_fraction = Fraction(size.width)
+        height_fraction = fraction_unit
+
+    box_models = [
+        box_model
+        or widget._get_box_model(
+            size,
+            parent_size,
+            width_fraction,
+            height_fraction,
+        )
+        for widget, box_model in zip(widgets, box_models)
+    ]
+
+    return cast("list[BoxModel]", box_models)

src/textual/app.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
+from asyncio import Task
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 import inspect
 import io
 import os
@@ -12,7 +14,18 @@ from contextlib import redirect_stderr, redirect_stdout
 from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath
 from time import perf_counter
-from typing import Any, Generic, Iterable, Type, TYPE_CHECKING, TypeVar, cast, Union
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Coroutine,
+    Generic,
+    Iterable,
+    Type,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+    Union,
+)
 from weakref import WeakSet, WeakValueDictionary
 
 from ._ansi_sequences import SYNC_END, SYNC_START
@@ -51,7 +64,12 @@ from .widget import AwaitMount, Widget
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .devtools.client import DevtoolsClient
+    from .pilot import Pilot
 
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    from typing import TypeAlias
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
 
 PLATFORM = platform.system()
 WINDOWS = PLATFORM == "Windows"
@@ -89,6 +107,9 @@ ComposeResult = Iterable[Widget]
 RenderResult = RenderableType
 
 
+AutopilotCallbackType: TypeAlias = "Callable[[Pilot], Coroutine[Any, Any, None]]"
+
+
 class AppError(Exception):
     pass
 
@@ -170,7 +191,7 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
         if no_color is not None:
             self._filter = Monochrome()
         self.console = Console(
-            file=(_NullFile() if self.is_headless else sys.__stdout__),
+            file=sys.__stdout__ if sys.__stdout__ is not None else _NullFile(),
             markup=False,
             highlight=False,
             emoji=False,
@@ -241,6 +262,11 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
         )
         self._screenshot: str | None = None
 
+    @property
+    def return_value(self) -> ReturnType | None:
+        """Get the return type."""
+        return self._return_value
+
     def animate(
         self,
         attribute: str,
@@ -295,7 +321,7 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
             bool: True if the app is in headless mode.
 
         """
-        return "headless" in self.features
+        return False if self._driver is None else self._driver.is_headless
 
     @property
     def screen_stack(self) -> list[Screen]:
@@ -314,7 +340,7 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
             result (ReturnType | None, optional): Return value. Defaults to None.
         """
         self._return_value = result
-        self._close_messages_no_wait()
+        self.post_message_no_wait(messages.ExitApp(sender=self))
 
     @property
     def focused(self) -> Widget | None:
@@ -418,7 +444,11 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
         Returns:
             Size: Size of the terminal
         """
-        return Size(*self.console.size)
+        if self._driver is not None and self._driver._size is not None:
+            width, height = self._driver._size
+        else:
+            width, height = self.console.size
+        return Size(width, height)
 
     @property
     def log(self) -> Logger:
@@ -500,10 +530,11 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
                 to use app title. Defaults to None.
 
         """
-
+        assert self._driver is not None, "App must be running"
+        width, height = self.size
         console = Console(
-            width=self.console.width,
+            width=width,
-            height=self.console.height,
+            height=height,
             file=io.StringIO(),
             force_terminal=True,
             color_system="truecolor",
@@ -567,95 +598,170 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
             keys, action, description, show=show, key_display=key_display
         )
 
+    async def _press_keys(self, keys: Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        """A task to send key events."""
+        app = self
+        driver = app._driver
+        assert driver is not None
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.02)
+        for key in keys:
+            if key == "_":
+                print("(pause 50ms)")
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+            elif key.startswith("wait:"):
+                _, wait_ms = key.split(":")
+                print(f"(pause {wait_ms}ms)")
+                await asyncio.sleep(float(wait_ms) / 1000)
+            else:
+                if len(key) == 1 and not key.isalnum():
+                    key = (
+                        unicodedata.name(key)
+                        .lower()
+                        .replace("-", "_")
+                        .replace(" ", "_")
+                    )
+                original_key = REPLACED_KEYS.get(key, key)
+                char: str | None
+                try:
+                    char = unicodedata.lookup(original_key.upper().replace("_", " "))
+                except KeyError:
+                    char = key if len(key) == 1 else None
+                print(f"press {key!r} (char={char!r})")
+                key_event = events.Key(app, key, char)
+                driver.send_event(key_event)
+                # TODO: A bit of a fudge - extra sleep after tabbing to help guard against race
+                #  condition between widget-level key handling and app/screen level handling.
+                #  More information here: https://github.com/Textualize/textual/issues/1009
+                #  This conditional sleep can be removed after that issue is closed.
+                if key == "tab":
+                    await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.02)
+        await app._animator.wait_for_idle()
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def run_test(
+        self,
+        *,
+        headless: bool = True,
+        size: tuple[int, int] | None = (80, 24),
+    ):
+        """An asynchronous context manager for testing app.
+
+        Args:
+            headless (bool, optional): Run in headless mode (no output or input). Defaults to True.
+            size (tuple[int, int] | None, optional): Force terminal size to `(WIDTH, HEIGHT)`,
+                or None to auto-detect. Defaults to None.
+
+        """
+        from .pilot import Pilot
+
+        app = self
+        app_ready_event = asyncio.Event()
+
+        def on_app_ready() -> None:
+            """Called when app is ready to process events."""
+            app_ready_event.set()
+
+        async def run_app(app) -> None:
+            await app._process_messages(
+                ready_callback=on_app_ready,
+                headless=headless,
+                terminal_size=size,
+            )
+
+        # Launch the app in the "background"
+        app_task = asyncio.create_task(run_app(app))
+
+        # Wait until the app has performed all startup routines.
+        await app_ready_event.wait()
+
+        # Context manager returns pilot object to manipulate the app
+        yield Pilot(app)
+
+        # Shutdown the app cleanly
+        await app._shutdown()
+        await app_task
+
+    async def run_async(
+        self,
+        *,
+        headless: bool = False,
+        size: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+        auto_pilot: AutopilotCallbackType | None = None,
+    ) -> ReturnType | None:
+        """Run the app asynchronously.
+
+        Args:
+            headless (bool, optional): Run in headless mode (no output). Defaults to False.
+            size (tuple[int, int] | None, optional): Force terminal size to `(WIDTH, HEIGHT)`,
+                or None to auto-detect. Defaults to None.
+            auto_pilot (AutopilotCallbackType): An auto pilot coroutine.
+
+        Returns:
+            ReturnType | None: App return value.
+        """
+        from .pilot import Pilot
+
+        app = self
+
+        auto_pilot_task: Task | None = None
+
+        async def app_ready() -> None:
+            """Called by the message loop when the app is ready."""
+            nonlocal auto_pilot_task
+            if auto_pilot is not None:
+
+                async def run_auto_pilot(
+                    auto_pilot: AutopilotCallbackType, pilot: Pilot
+                ) -> None:
+                    try:
+                        await auto_pilot(pilot)
+                    except Exception:
+                        app.exit()
+                        raise
+
+                pilot = Pilot(app)
+                auto_pilot_task = asyncio.create_task(run_auto_pilot(auto_pilot, pilot))
+
+        try:
+            await app._process_messages(
+                ready_callback=None if auto_pilot is None else app_ready,
+                headless=headless,
+                terminal_size=size,
+            )
+        finally:
+            if auto_pilot_task is not None:
+                await auto_pilot_task
+            await app._shutdown()
+
+        return app.return_value
+
     def run(
         self,
         *,
-        quit_after: float | None = None,
         headless: bool = False,
-        press: Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        size: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
-        screenshot: bool = False,
+        auto_pilot: AutopilotCallbackType | None = None,
-        screenshot_title: str | None = None,
     ) -> ReturnType | None:
-        """The main entry point for apps.
+        """Run the app.
 
         Args:
-            quit_after (float | None, optional): Quit after a given number of seconds, or None
+            headless (bool, optional): Run in headless mode (no output). Defaults to False.
-                to run forever. Defaults to None.
+            size (tuple[int, int] | None, optional): Force terminal size to `(WIDTH, HEIGHT)`,
-            headless (bool, optional): Run in "headless" mode (don't write to stdout).
+                or None to auto-detect. Defaults to None.
-            press (str, optional): An iterable of keys to simulate being pressed.
+            auto_pilot (AutopilotCallbackType): An auto pilot coroutine.
-            screenshot (bool, optional): Take a screenshot after pressing keys (svg data stored in self._screenshot). Defaults to False.
-            screenshot_title (str | None, optional): Title of screenshot, or None to use App title. Defaults to None.
 
         Returns:
-            ReturnType | None: The return value specified in `App.exit` or None if exit wasn't called.
+            ReturnType | None: App return value.
         """
 
-        if headless:
-            self.features = cast(
-                "frozenset[FeatureFlag]", self.features.union({"headless"})
-            )
-
         async def run_app() -> None:
-            if quit_after is not None:
+            """Run the app."""
-                self.set_timer(quit_after, self.shutdown)
+            await self.run_async(
-            if press is not None:
+                headless=headless,
-                app = self
+                size=size,
-
+                auto_pilot=auto_pilot,
-                async def press_keys() -> None:
+            )
-                    """A task to send key events."""
-                    assert press
-                    driver = app._driver
-                    assert driver is not None
-                    await asyncio.sleep(0.02)
-                    for key in press:
-                        if key == "_":
-                            print("(pause 50ms)")
-                            await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
-                        elif key.startswith("wait:"):
-                            _, wait_ms = key.split(":")
-                            print(f"(pause {wait_ms}ms)")
-                            await asyncio.sleep(float(wait_ms) / 1000)
-                        else:
-                            if len(key) == 1 and not key.isalnum():
-                                key = (
-                                    unicodedata.name(key)
-                                    .lower()
-                                    .replace("-", "_")
-                                    .replace(" ", "_")
-                                )
-                            original_key = REPLACED_KEYS.get(key, key)
-                            try:
-                                char = unicodedata.lookup(
-                                    original_key.upper().replace("_", " ")
-                                )
-                            except KeyError:
-                                char = key if len(key) == 1 else None
-                            print(f"press {key!r} (char={char!r})")
-                            key_event = events.Key(self, key, char)
-                            driver.send_event(key_event)
-                            # TODO: A bit of a fudge - extra sleep after tabbing to help guard against race
-                            #  condition between widget-level key handling and app/screen level handling.
-                            #  More information here: https://github.com/Textualize/textual/issues/1009
-                            #  This conditional sleep can be removed after that issue is closed.
-                            if key == "tab":
-                                await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
-                            await asyncio.sleep(0.02)
-
-                    await app._animator.wait_for_idle()
-
-                    if screenshot:
-                        self._screenshot = self.export_screenshot(
-                            title=screenshot_title
-                        )
-                    await self.shutdown()
-
-                async def press_keys_task():
-                    """Press some keys in the background."""
-                    asyncio.create_task(press_keys())
-
-                await self._process_messages(ready_callback=press_keys_task)
-            else:
-                await self._process_messages()
 
         if _ASYNCIO_GET_EVENT_LOOP_IS_DEPRECATED:
             # N.B. This doesn't work with Python<3.10, as we end up with 2 event loops:
@@ -664,8 +770,7 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
             # However, this works with Python<3.10:
             event_loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
             event_loop.run_until_complete(run_app())
-
+        return self.return_value
-        return self._return_value
 
     async def _on_css_change(self) -> None:
         """Called when the CSS changes (if watch_css is True)."""
@@ -756,8 +861,6 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
     def get_screen(self, screen: Screen | str) -> Screen:
         """Get an installed screen.
 
-        If the screen isn't running, it will be registered before it is run.
-
         Args:
             screen (Screen | str): Either a Screen object or screen name (the `name` argument when installed).
 
@@ -774,10 +877,30 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
                 raise KeyError(f"No screen called {screen!r} installed") from None
         else:
             next_screen = screen
-        if not next_screen.is_running:
-            self._register(self, next_screen)
         return next_screen
 
+    def _get_screen(self, screen: Screen | str) -> tuple[Screen, AwaitMount]:
+        """Get an installed screen and a await mount object.
+
+        If the screen isn't running, it will be registered before it is run.
+
+        Args:
+            screen (Screen | str): Either a Screen object or screen name (the `name` argument when installed).
+
+        Raises:
+            KeyError: If the named screen doesn't exist.
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple[Screen, AwaitMount]: A screen instance and an awaitable that awaits the children mounting.
+
+        """
+        _screen = self.get_screen(screen)
+        if not _screen.is_running:
+            widgets = self._register(self, _screen)
+            return (_screen, AwaitMount(widgets))
+        else:
+            return (_screen, AwaitMount([]))
+
     def _replace_screen(self, screen: Screen) -> Screen:
         """Handle the replaced screen.
 
@@ -795,19 +918,20 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
             self.log.system(f"{screen} REMOVED")
         return screen
 
-    def push_screen(self, screen: Screen | str) -> None:
+    def push_screen(self, screen: Screen | str) -> AwaitMount:
         """Push a new screen on the screen stack.
 
         Args:
             screen (Screen | str): A Screen instance or the name of an installed screen.
 
         """
-        next_screen = self.get_screen(screen)
+        next_screen, await_mount = self._get_screen(screen)
         self._screen_stack.append(next_screen)
         self.screen.post_message_no_wait(events.ScreenResume(self))
         self.log.system(f"{self.screen} is current (PUSHED)")
+        return await_mount
 
-    def switch_screen(self, screen: Screen | str) -> None:
+    def switch_screen(self, screen: Screen | str) -> AwaitMount:
         """Switch to another screen by replacing the top of the screen stack with a new screen.
 
         Args:
@@ -816,12 +940,14 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
         """
         if self.screen is not screen:
             self._replace_screen(self._screen_stack.pop())
-            next_screen = self.get_screen(screen)
+            next_screen, await_mount = self._get_screen(screen)
             self._screen_stack.append(next_screen)
             self.screen.post_message_no_wait(events.ScreenResume(self))
             self.log.system(f"{self.screen} is current (SWITCHED)")
+            return await_mount
+        return AwaitMount([])
 
-    def install_screen(self, screen: Screen, name: str | None = None) -> str:
+    def install_screen(self, screen: Screen, name: str | None = None) -> AwaitMount:
         """Install a screen.
 
         Args:
@@ -833,7 +959,7 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
             ScreenError: If the screen can't be installed.
 
         Returns:
-            str: The name of the screen
+            AwaitMount: An awaitable that awaits the mounting of the screen and its children.
         """
         if name is None:
             name = nanoid.generate()
@@ -844,9 +970,9 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
                 "Can't install screen; {screen!r} has already been installed"
             )
         self._installed_screens[name] = screen
-        self.get_screen(name)  # Ensures screen is running
+        _screen, await_mount = self._get_screen(name)  # Ensures screen is running
         self.log.system(f"{screen} INSTALLED name={name!r}")
-        return name
+        return await_mount
 
     def uninstall_screen(self, screen: Screen | str) -> str | None:
         """Uninstall a screen. If the screen was not previously installed then this
@@ -992,7 +1118,10 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
         self._exit_renderables.clear()
 
     async def _process_messages(
-        self, ready_callback: CallbackType | None = None
+        self,
+        ready_callback: CallbackType | None = None,
+        headless: bool = False,
+        terminal_size: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         self._set_active()
 
@@ -1038,22 +1167,31 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
             self.log.system("[b green]STARTED[/]", self.css_monitor)
 
         async def run_process_messages():
+            """The main message loop, invoke below."""
+
+            async def invoke_ready_callback() -> None:
+                if ready_callback is not None:
+                    ready_result = ready_callback()
+                    if inspect.isawaitable(ready_result):
+                        await ready_result
 
             try:
-                await self._dispatch_message(events.Compose(sender=self))
+                try:
-                await self._dispatch_message(events.Mount(sender=self))
+                    await self._dispatch_message(events.Compose(sender=self))
+                    await self._dispatch_message(events.Mount(sender=self))
+                finally:
+                    self._mounted_event.set()
+
+                Reactive._initialize_object(self)
+
+                self.stylesheet.update(self)
+                self.refresh()
+
+                await self.animator.start()
+
             finally:
-                self._mounted_event.set()
+                await self._ready()
-
+                await invoke_ready_callback()
-            Reactive._initialize_object(self)
-
-            self.stylesheet.update(self)
-            self.refresh()
-
-            await self.animator.start()
-            await self._ready()
-            if ready_callback is not None:
-                await ready_callback()
 
             self._running = True
 
@@ -1067,7 +1205,6 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
                     await timer.stop()
 
             await self.animator.stop()
-            await self._close_all()
 
         self._running = True
         try:
@@ -1077,13 +1214,13 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
             driver: Driver
             driver_class = cast(
                 "type[Driver]",
-                HeadlessDriver if self.is_headless else self.driver_class,
+                HeadlessDriver if headless else self.driver_class,
             )
-            driver = self._driver = driver_class(self.console, self)
+            driver = self._driver = driver_class(self.console, self, size=terminal_size)
 
             driver.start_application_mode()
             try:
-                if self.is_headless:
+                if headless:
                     await run_process_messages()
                 else:
                     if self.devtools is not None:
@@ -1105,11 +1242,6 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
                 driver.stop_application_mode()
         except Exception as error:
             self._handle_exception(error)
-        finally:
-            self._running = False
-            self._print_error_renderables()
-            if self.devtools is not None and self.devtools.is_connected:
-                await self._disconnect_devtools()
 
     async def _pre_process(self) -> None:
         pass
@@ -1134,12 +1266,17 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
             """Used by docs plugin."""
             svg = self.export_screenshot(title=screenshot_title)
             self._screenshot = svg  # type: ignore
-            await self.shutdown()
+            self.exit()
 
         self.set_timer(screenshot_timer, on_screenshot, name="screenshot timer")
 
     async def _on_compose(self) -> None:
-        widgets = list(self.compose())
+        try:
+            widgets = list(self.compose())
+        except TypeError as error:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{self!r} compose() returned an invalid response; {error}"
+            ) from None
         await self.mount_all(widgets)
 
     def _on_idle(self) -> None:
@@ -1218,8 +1355,10 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
             parent (Widget): The parent of the Widget.
             widget (Widget): The Widget to start.
         """
+
         widget._attach(parent)
         widget._start_messages()
+        self.app._registry.add(widget)
 
     def is_mounted(self, widget: Widget) -> bool:
         """Check if a widget is mounted.
@@ -1233,17 +1372,43 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
         return widget in self._registry
 
     async def _close_all(self) -> None:
-        while self._registry:
+        """Close all message pumps."""
-            child = self._registry.pop()
+
+        # Close all screens on the stack
+        for screen in self._screen_stack:
+            if screen._running:
+                await self._prune_node(screen)
+
+        self._screen_stack.clear()
+
+        # Close pre-defined screens
+        for screen in self.SCREENS.values():
+            if screen._running:
+                await self._prune_node(screen)
+
+        # Close any remaining nodes
+        # Should be empty by now
+        remaining_nodes = list(self._registry)
+        for child in remaining_nodes:
             await child._close_messages()
 
-    async def shutdown(self):
+    async def _shutdown(self) -> None:
-        await self._disconnect_devtools()
         driver = self._driver
+        self._running = False
         if driver is not None:
             driver.disable_input()
+        await self._close_all()
         await self._close_messages()
 
+        await self._dispatch_message(events.Unmount(sender=self))
+
+        self._print_error_renderables()
+        if self.devtools is not None and self.devtools.is_connected:
+            await self._disconnect_devtools()
+
+    async def _on_exit_app(self) -> None:
+        await self._message_queue.put(None)
+
     def refresh(self, *, repaint: bool = True, layout: bool = False) -> None:
         if self._screen_stack:
             self.screen.refresh(repaint=repaint, layout=layout)
@@ -1497,18 +1662,61 @@ class App(Generic[ReturnType], DOMNode):
                 [to_remove for to_remove in remove_widgets if to_remove.can_focus],
             )
 
-        for child in remove_widgets:
+        await self._prune_node(widget)
-            await child._close_messages()
+
-            self._unregister(child)
         if parent is not None:
             parent.refresh(layout=True)
 
+    def _walk_children(self, root: Widget) -> Iterable[list[Widget]]:
+        """Walk children depth first, generating widgets and a list of their siblings.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[list[Widget]]: The child widgets of root.
+
+        """
+        stack: list[Widget] = [root]
+        pop = stack.pop
+        push = stack.append
+
+        while stack:
+            widget = pop()
+            if widget.children:
+                yield [*widget.children, *widget._get_virtual_dom()]
+            for child in widget.children:
+                push(child)
+
+    async def _prune_node(self, root: Widget) -> None:
+        """Remove a node and its children. Children are removed before parents.
+
+        Args:
+            root (Widget): Node to remove.
+        """
+        # Pruning a node that has been removed is a no-op
+        if root not in self._registry:
+            return
+
+        node_children = list(self._walk_children(root))
+
+        for children in reversed(node_children):
+            # Closing children can be done asynchronously.
+            close_messages = [
+                child._close_messages() for child in children if child._running
+            ]
+            # TODO: What if a message pump refuses to exit?
+            if close_messages:
+                await asyncio.gather(*close_messages)
+                for child in children:
+                    self._unregister(child)
+
+        await root._close_messages()
+        self._unregister(root)
+
     async def action_check_bindings(self, key: str) -> None:
         await self.check_bindings(key)
 
     async def action_quit(self) -> None:
         """Quit the app as soon as possible."""
-        await self.shutdown()
+        self.exit()
 
     async def action_bang(self) -> None:
         1 / 0

src/textual/box_model.py

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ def get_box_model(
     styles: StylesBase,
     container: Size,
     viewport: Size,
-    fraction_unit: Fraction,
+    width_fraction: Fraction,
+    height_fraction: Fraction,
     get_content_width: Callable[[Size, Size], int],
     get_content_height: Callable[[Size, Size, int], int],
 ) -> BoxModel:
@@ -30,6 +31,8 @@ def get_box_model(
         styles (StylesBase): Styles object.
         container (Size): The size of the widget container.
         viewport (Size): The viewport size.
+        width_fraction (Fraction): A fraction used for 1 `fr` unit on the width dimension.
+        height_fraction (Fraction):A fraction used for 1 `fr` unit on the height dimension.
         get_auto_width (Callable): A callable which accepts container size and parent size and returns a width.
         get_auto_height (Callable): A callable which accepts container size and parent size and returns a height.
 
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ def get_box_model(
         # An explicit width
         styles_width = styles.width
         content_width = styles_width.resolve_dimension(
-            sizing_container - styles.margin.totals, viewport, fraction_unit
+            sizing_container - styles.margin.totals, viewport, width_fraction
         )
         if is_border_box and styles_width.excludes_border:
             content_width -= gutter.width
@@ -71,14 +74,14 @@ def get_box_model(
     if styles.min_width is not None:
         # Restrict to minimum width, if set
         min_width = styles.min_width.resolve_dimension(
-            content_container, viewport, fraction_unit
+            content_container, viewport, width_fraction
         )
         content_width = max(content_width, min_width)
 
     if styles.max_width is not None:
         # Restrict to maximum width, if set
         max_width = styles.max_width.resolve_dimension(
-            content_container, viewport, fraction_unit
+            content_container, viewport, width_fraction
         )
         if is_border_box:
             max_width -= gutter.width
@@ -98,7 +101,7 @@ def get_box_model(
         styles_height = styles.height
         # Explicit height set
         content_height = styles_height.resolve_dimension(
-            sizing_container - styles.margin.totals, viewport, fraction_unit
+            sizing_container - styles.margin.totals, viewport, height_fraction
         )
         if is_border_box and styles_height.excludes_border:
             content_height -= gutter.height
@@ -106,14 +109,14 @@ def get_box_model(
     if styles.min_height is not None:
         # Restrict to minimum height, if set
         min_height = styles.min_height.resolve_dimension(
-            content_container, viewport, fraction_unit
+            content_container, viewport, height_fraction
         )
         content_height = max(content_height, min_height)
 
     if styles.max_height is not None:
         # Restrict maximum height, if set
         max_height = styles.max_height.resolve_dimension(
-            content_container, viewport, fraction_unit
+            content_container, viewport, height_fraction
         )
         content_height = min(content_height, max_height)
 

src/textual/cli/cli.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import click
 from importlib_metadata import version
 
+from textual.pilot import Pilot
 from textual._import_app import import_app, AppFail
 
 
@@ -84,7 +85,12 @@ def run_app(import_name: str, dev: bool, press: str) -> None:
         sys.exit(1)
 
     press_keys = press.split(",") if press else None
-    result = app.run(press=press_keys)
+
+    async def run_press_keys(pilot: Pilot) -> None:
+        if press_keys is not None:
+            await pilot.press(*press_keys)
+
+    result = app.run(auto_pilot=run_press_keys)
 
     if result is not None:
         from rich.console import Console

src/textual/demo.css

@@ -114,13 +114,14 @@ DarkSwitch {
 }
 
 DarkSwitch .label {
-    
+    width: 1fr;
     padding: 1 2;
     color: $text-muted;
 }
 
 DarkSwitch Checkbox {
     background: $boost;
+    dock: left;
 }
 
 

src/textual/driver.py

@@ -13,14 +13,25 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 class Driver(ABC):
     def __init__(
-        self, console: "Console", target: "MessageTarget", debug: bool = False
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        target: "MessageTarget",
+        *,
+        debug: bool = False,
+        size: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.console = console
         self._target = target
         self._debug = debug
+        self._size = size
         self._loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
         self._mouse_down_time = _clock.get_time_no_wait()
 
+    @property
+    def is_headless(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the driver is 'headless'"""
+        return False
+
     def send_event(self, event: events.Event) -> None:
         asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
             self._target.post_message(event), loop=self._loop

src/textual/drivers/headless_driver.py

@@ -9,7 +9,13 @@ from .. import events
 class HeadlessDriver(Driver):
     """A do-nothing driver for testing."""
 
+    @property
+    def is_headless(self) -> bool:
+        return True
+
     def _get_terminal_size(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
+        if self._size is not None:
+            return self._size
         width: int | None = 80
         height: int | None = 25
         import shutil

src/textual/drivers/linux_driver.py

@@ -30,9 +30,14 @@ class LinuxDriver(Driver):
     """Powers display and input for Linux / MacOS"""
 
     def __init__(
-        self, console: "Console", target: "MessageTarget", debug: bool = False
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        target: "MessageTarget",
+        *,
+        debug: bool = False,
+        size: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
-        super().__init__(console, target, debug)
+        super().__init__(console, target, debug=debug, size=size)
         self.fileno = sys.stdin.fileno()
         self.attrs_before: list[Any] | None = None
         self.exit_event = Event()

src/textual/drivers/windows_driver.py

@@ -18,9 +18,14 @@ class WindowsDriver(Driver):
     """Powers display and input for Windows."""
 
     def __init__(
-        self, console: "Console", target: "MessageTarget", debug: bool = False
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        target: "MessageTarget",
+        *,
+        debug: bool = False,
+        size: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
-        super().__init__(console, target, debug)
+        super().__init__(console, target, debug=debug, size=size)
         self.in_fileno = sys.stdin.fileno()
         self.out_fileno = sys.stdout.fileno()
 

src/textual/events.py

@@ -119,10 +119,14 @@ class Compose(Event, bubble=False, verbose=True):
     """Sent to a widget to request it to compose and mount children."""
 
 
-class Mount(Event, bubble=False, verbose=True):
+class Mount(Event, bubble=False, verbose=False):
     """Sent when a widget is *mounted* and may receive messages."""
 
 
+class Unmount(Mount, bubble=False, verbose=False):
+    """Sent when a widget is unmounted and may not longer receive messages."""
+
+
 class Remove(Event, bubble=False):
     """Sent to a widget to ask it to remove itself from the DOM."""
 

src/textual/layouts/grid.py

@@ -145,9 +145,7 @@ class GridLayout(Layout):
             y2, cell_height = rows[min(max_row, row + row_span)]
             cell_size = Size(cell_width + x2 - x, cell_height + y2 - y)
             width, height, margin = widget._get_box_model(
-                cell_size,
+                cell_size, viewport, fraction_unit, fraction_unit
-                viewport,
-                fraction_unit,
             )
             region = (
                 Region(x, y, int(width + margin.width), int(height + margin.height))

src/textual/layouts/horizontal.py

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from fractions import Fraction
-from typing import cast
 
-from textual.geometry import Size, Region
+from .._resolve import resolve_box_models
-from textual._layout import ArrangeResult, Layout, WidgetPlacement
+from ..geometry import Size, Region
-
+from .._layout import ArrangeResult, Layout, WidgetPlacement
-from textual.widget import Widget
+from ..widget import Widget
 
 
 class HorizontalLayout(Layout):
@@ -22,20 +21,16 @@ class HorizontalLayout(Layout):
 
         placements: list[WidgetPlacement] = []
         add_placement = placements.append
-
         x = max_height = Fraction(0)
         parent_size = parent.outer_size
 
-        styles = [child.styles for child in children if child.styles.width is not None]
+        box_models = resolve_box_models(
-        total_fraction = sum(
+            [child.styles.width for child in children],
-            [int(style.width.value) for style in styles if style.width.is_fraction]
+            children,
+            size,
+            parent_size,
+            dimension="width",
         )
-        fraction_unit = Fraction(size.width, total_fraction or 1)
-
-        box_models = [
-            widget._get_box_model(size, parent_size, fraction_unit)
-            for widget in cast("list[Widget]", children)
-        ]
 
         margins = [
             max((box1.margin.right, box2.margin.left))

src/textual/layouts/vertical.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from fractions import Fraction
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
+from .._resolve import resolve_box_models
 from ..geometry import Region, Size
 from .._layout import ArrangeResult, Layout, WidgetPlacement
 
@@ -21,19 +22,15 @@ class VerticalLayout(Layout):
 
         placements: list[WidgetPlacement] = []
         add_placement = placements.append
-
         parent_size = parent.outer_size
 
-        styles = [child.styles for child in children if child.styles.height is not None]
+        box_models = resolve_box_models(
-        total_fraction = sum(
+            [child.styles.height for child in children],
-            [int(style.height.value) for style in styles if style.height.is_fraction]
+            children,
+            size,
+            parent_size,
+            dimension="height",
         )
-        fraction_unit = Fraction(size.height, total_fraction or 1)
-
-        box_models = [
-            widget._get_box_model(size, parent_size, fraction_unit)
-            for widget in children
-        ]
 
         margins = [
             max((box1.margin.bottom, box2.margin.top))

src/textual/message_pump.py

@@ -155,7 +155,9 @@ class MessagePump(metaclass=MessagePumpMeta):
                 return self._pending_message
             finally:
                 self._pending_message = None
+
         message = await self._message_queue.get()
+
         if message is None:
             self._closed = True
             raise MessagePumpClosed("The message pump is now closed")
@@ -266,8 +268,11 @@ class MessagePump(metaclass=MessagePumpMeta):
         self.app.screen._invoke_later(message.callback)
 
     def _close_messages_no_wait(self) -> None:
-        """Request the message queue to exit."""
+        """Request the message queue to immediately exit."""
-        self._message_queue.put_nowait(None)
+        self._message_queue.put_nowait(messages.CloseMessages(sender=self))
+
+    async def _on_close_messages(self, message: messages.CloseMessages) -> None:
+        await self._close_messages()
 
     async def _close_messages(self) -> None:
         """Close message queue, and optionally wait for queue to finish processing."""
@@ -278,6 +283,7 @@ class MessagePump(metaclass=MessagePumpMeta):
         for timer in stop_timers:
             await timer.stop()
         self._timers.clear()
+        await self._message_queue.put(events.Unmount(sender=self))
         await self._message_queue.put(None)
         if self._task is not None and asyncio.current_task() != self._task:
             # Ensure everything is closed before returning
@@ -285,7 +291,8 @@ class MessagePump(metaclass=MessagePumpMeta):
 
     def _start_messages(self) -> None:
         """Start messages task."""
-        self._task = asyncio.create_task(self._process_messages())
+        if self.app._running:
+            self._task = asyncio.create_task(self._process_messages())
 
     async def _process_messages(self) -> None:
         self._running = True
@@ -370,8 +377,6 @@ class MessagePump(metaclass=MessagePumpMeta):
                                 self.app._handle_exception(error)
                                 break
 
-        log("CLOSED", self)
-
     async def _dispatch_message(self, message: Message) -> None:
         """Dispatch a message received from the message queue.
 
@@ -424,6 +429,7 @@ class MessagePump(metaclass=MessagePumpMeta):
         handler_name = message._handler_name
 
         # Look through the MRO to find a handler
+        dispatched = False
         for cls, method in self._get_dispatch_methods(handler_name, message):
             log.event.verbosity(message.verbose)(
                 message,
@@ -431,7 +437,10 @@ class MessagePump(metaclass=MessagePumpMeta):
                 self,
                 f"method=<{cls.__name__}.{handler_name}>",
             )
+            dispatched = True
             await invoke(method, message)
+        if not dispatched:
+            log.event.verbosity(message.verbose)(message, ">>>", self, "method=None")
 
         # Bubble messages up the DOM (if enabled on the message)
         if message.bubble and self._parent and not message._stop_propagation:

src/textual/messages.py

@@ -13,6 +13,16 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .widget import Widget
 
 
+@rich.repr.auto
+class CloseMessages(Message, verbose=True):
+    """Requests message pump to close."""
+
+
+@rich.repr.auto
+class ExitApp(Message, verbose=True):
+    """Exit the app."""
+
+
 @rich.repr.auto
 class Update(Message, verbose=True):
     def __init__(self, sender: MessagePump, widget: Widget):

src/textual/pilot.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import rich.repr
+
+import asyncio
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .app import App
+
+
+@rich.repr.auto(angular=True)
+class Pilot:
+    """Pilot object to drive an app."""
+
+    def __init__(self, app: App) -> None:
+        self._app = app
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> rich.repr.Result:
+        yield "app", self._app
+
+    @property
+    def app(self) -> App:
+        """Get a reference to the application.
+
+        Returns:
+            App: The App instance.
+        """
+        return self._app
+
+    async def press(self, *keys: str) -> None:
+        """Simulate key-presses.
+
+        Args:
+            *key: Keys to press.
+
+        """
+        if keys:
+            await self._app._press_keys(keys)
+
+    async def pause(self, delay: float = 50 / 1000) -> None:
+        """Insert a pause.
+
+        Args:
+            delay (float, optional): Seconds to pause. Defaults to 50ms.
+        """
+        await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+
+    async def exit(self, result: object) -> None:
+        """Exit the app with the given result.
+
+        Args:
+            result (object): The app result returned by `run` or `run_async`.
+        """
+        self.app.exit(result)

src/textual/reactive.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from inspect import isawaitable
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Generic, Type, TypeVar, Union
 from weakref import WeakSet
 
-
 from . import events
 from ._callback import count_parameters, invoke
 from ._types import MessageTarget
@@ -16,7 +15,6 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
     Reactable = Union[Widget, App]
 
-
 ReactiveType = TypeVar("ReactiveType")
 
 
@@ -37,7 +35,7 @@ class Reactive(Generic[ReactiveType]):
         layout (bool, optional): Perform a layout on change. Defaults to False.
         repaint (bool, optional): Perform a repaint on change. Defaults to True.
         init (bool, optional): Call watchers on initialize (post mount). Defaults to False.
-
+        always_update(bool, optional): Call watchers even when the new value equals the old value. Defaults to False.
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -47,11 +45,13 @@ class Reactive(Generic[ReactiveType]):
         layout: bool = False,
         repaint: bool = True,
         init: bool = False,
+        always_update: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         self._default = default
         self._layout = layout
         self._repaint = repaint
         self._init = init
+        self._always_update = always_update
 
     @classmethod
     def init(
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ class Reactive(Generic[ReactiveType]):
         *,
         layout: bool = False,
         repaint: bool = True,
+        always_update: bool = False,
     ) -> Reactive:
         """A reactive variable that calls watchers and compute on initialize (post mount).
 
@@ -67,11 +68,17 @@ class Reactive(Generic[ReactiveType]):
             default (ReactiveType | Callable[[], ReactiveType]): A default value or callable that returns a default.
             layout (bool, optional): Perform a layout on change. Defaults to False.
             repaint (bool, optional): Perform a repaint on change. Defaults to True.
-
+            always_update(bool, optional): Call watchers even when the new value equals the old value. Defaults to False.
         Returns:
             Reactive: A Reactive instance which calls watchers or initialize.
         """
-        return cls(default, layout=layout, repaint=repaint, init=True)
+        return cls(
+            default,
+            layout=layout,
+            repaint=repaint,
+            init=True,
+            always_update=always_update,
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def var(
@@ -153,7 +160,7 @@ class Reactive(Generic[ReactiveType]):
         if callable(validate_function) and not first_set:
             value = validate_function(value)
         # If the value has changed, or this is the first time setting the value
-        if current_value != value or first_set:
+        if current_value != value or first_set or self._always_update:
             # Set the first set flag to False
             setattr(obj, f"__first_set_{self.internal_name}", False)
             # Store the internal value
@@ -259,7 +266,7 @@ class reactive(Reactive[ReactiveType]):
         layout (bool, optional): Perform a layout on change. Defaults to False.
         repaint (bool, optional): Perform a repaint on change. Defaults to True.
         init (bool, optional): Call watchers on initialize (post mount). Defaults to True.
-
+        always_update(bool, optional): Call watchers even when the new value equals the old value. Defaults to False.
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -269,8 +276,15 @@ class reactive(Reactive[ReactiveType]):
         layout: bool = False,
         repaint: bool = True,
         init: bool = True,
+        always_update: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
-        super().__init__(default, layout=layout, repaint=repaint, init=init)
+        super().__init__(
+            default,
+            layout=layout,
+            repaint=repaint,
+            init=init,
+            always_update=always_update,
+        )
 
 
 class var(Reactive[ReactiveType]):

src/textual/screen.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from ._callback import invoke
 from ._compositor import Compositor, MapGeometry
 from .timer import Timer
 from ._types import CallbackType
-from .dom import DOMNode
 from .geometry import Offset, Region, Size
 from .reactive import Reactive
 from .renderables.blank import Blank
@@ -61,7 +60,12 @@ class Screen(Widget):
     @property
     def is_current(self) -> bool:
         """Check if this screen is current (i.e. visible to user)."""
-        return self.app.screen is self
+        from .app import ScreenStackError
+
+        try:
+            return self.app.screen is self
+        except ScreenStackError:
+            return False
 
     @property
     def update_timer(self) -> Timer:

src/textual/widget.py

@@ -82,11 +82,13 @@ class AwaitMount:
 
     def __await__(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
         async def await_mount() -> None:
-            aws = [
+            if self._widgets:
-                create_task(widget._mounted_event.wait()) for widget in self._widgets
+                aws = [
-            ]
+                    create_task(widget._mounted_event.wait())
-            if aws:
+                    for widget in self._widgets
-                await wait(aws)
+                ]
+                if aws:
+                    await wait(aws)
 
         return await_mount().__await__()
 
@@ -359,6 +361,20 @@ class Widget(DOMNode):
         """Clear arrangement cache, forcing a new arrange operation."""
         self._arrangement = None
 
+    def _get_virtual_dom(self) -> Iterable[Widget]:
+        """Get widgets not part of the DOM.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[Widget]: An iterable of Widgets.
+
+        """
+        if self._horizontal_scrollbar is not None:
+            yield self._horizontal_scrollbar
+        if self._vertical_scrollbar is not None:
+            yield self._vertical_scrollbar
+        if self._scrollbar_corner is not None:
+            yield self._scrollbar_corner
+
     def mount(self, *anon_widgets: Widget, **widgets: Widget) -> AwaitMount:
         """Mount child widgets (making this widget a container).
 
@@ -409,14 +425,19 @@ class Widget(DOMNode):
             )
 
     def _get_box_model(
-        self, container: Size, viewport: Size, fraction_unit: Fraction
+        self,
+        container: Size,
+        viewport: Size,
+        width_fraction: Fraction,
+        height_fraction: Fraction,
     ) -> BoxModel:
         """Process the box model for this widget.
 
         Args:
             container (Size): The size of the container widget (with a layout)
             viewport (Size): The viewport size.
-            fraction_unit (Fraction): The unit used for `fr` units.
+            width_fraction (Fraction): A fraction used for 1 `fr` unit on the width dimension.
+            height_fraction (Fraction):A fraction used for 1 `fr` unit on the height dimension.
 
         Returns:
             BoxModel: The size and margin for this widget.
@@ -425,7 +446,8 @@ class Widget(DOMNode):
             self.styles,
             container,
             viewport,
-            fraction_unit,
+            width_fraction,
+            height_fraction,
             self.get_content_width,
             self.get_content_height,
         )
@@ -587,6 +609,7 @@ class Widget(DOMNode):
         Returns:
             ScrollBar: ScrollBar Widget.
         """
+
         from .scrollbar import ScrollBar
 
         if self._horizontal_scrollbar is not None:
@@ -595,13 +618,12 @@ class Widget(DOMNode):
             vertical=False, name="horizontal", thickness=self.scrollbar_size_horizontal
         )
         self._horizontal_scrollbar.display = False
-
         self.app._start_widget(self, scroll_bar)
         return scroll_bar
 
     def _refresh_scrollbars(self) -> None:
         """Refresh scrollbar visibility."""
-        if not self.is_scrollable:
+        if not self.is_scrollable or not self.container_size:
             return
 
         styles = self.styles
@@ -1930,8 +1952,13 @@ class Widget(DOMNode):
     async def handle_key(self, event: events.Key) -> bool:
         return await self.dispatch_key(event)
 
-    async def _on_compose(self, event: events.Compose) -> None:
+    async def _on_compose(self) -> None:
-        widgets = list(self.compose())
+        try:
+            widgets = list(self.compose())
+        except TypeError as error:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{self!r} compose() returned an invalid response; {error}"
+            ) from None
         await self.mount(*widgets)
 
     def _on_mount(self, event: events.Mount) -> None:

tests/css/test_styles.py

@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ from textual.css.styles import Styles, RenderStyles
 from textual.dom import DOMNode
 from textual.widget import Widget
 
-from tests.utilities.test_app import AppTest
-
 
 def test_styles_reset():
     styles = Styles()
@@ -206,88 +204,3 @@ def test_widget_style_size_fails_if_data_type_is_not_supported(size_dimension_in
 
     with pytest.raises(StyleValueError):
         widget.styles.width = size_dimension_input
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "overflow_y,scrollbar_gutter,scrollbar_size,text_length,expected_text_widget_width,expects_vertical_scrollbar",
-    (
-        # ------------------------------------------------
-        # ----- Let's start with `overflow-y: auto`:
-        # short text: full width, no scrollbar
-        ["auto", "auto", 1, "short_text", 80, False],
-        # long text: reduced width, scrollbar
-        ["auto", "auto", 1, "long_text", 78, True],
-        # short text, `scrollbar-gutter: stable`: reduced width, no scrollbar
-        ["auto", "stable", 1, "short_text", 78, False],
-        # long text, `scrollbar-gutter: stable`: reduced width, scrollbar
-        ["auto", "stable", 1, "long_text", 78, True],
-        # ------------------------------------------------
-        # ----- And now let's see the behaviour with `overflow-y: scroll`:
-        # short text: reduced width, scrollbar
-        ["scroll", "auto", 1, "short_text", 78, True],
-        # long text: reduced width, scrollbar
-        ["scroll", "auto", 1, "long_text", 78, True],
-        # short text, `scrollbar-gutter: stable`: reduced width, scrollbar
-        ["scroll", "stable", 1, "short_text", 78, True],
-        # long text, `scrollbar-gutter: stable`: reduced width, scrollbar
-        ["scroll", "stable", 1, "long_text", 78, True],
-        # ------------------------------------------------
-        # ----- Finally, let's check the behaviour with `overflow-y: hidden`:
-        # short text: full width, no scrollbar
-        ["hidden", "auto", 1, "short_text", 80, False],
-        # long text: full width, no scrollbar
-        ["hidden", "auto", 1, "long_text", 80, False],
-        # short text, `scrollbar-gutter: stable`: reduced width, no scrollbar
-        ["hidden", "stable", 1, "short_text", 78, False],
-        # long text, `scrollbar-gutter: stable`: reduced width, no scrollbar
-        ["hidden", "stable", 1, "long_text", 78, False],
-        # ------------------------------------------------
-        # ----- Bonus round with a custom scrollbar size, now that we can set this:
-        ["auto", "auto", 3, "short_text", 80, False],
-        ["auto", "auto", 3, "long_text", 77, True],
-        ["scroll", "auto", 3, "short_text", 77, True],
-        ["scroll", "stable", 3, "short_text", 77, True],
-        ["hidden", "auto", 3, "long_text", 80, False],
-        ["hidden", "stable", 3, "short_text", 77, False],
-    ),
-)
-async def test_scrollbar_gutter(
-    overflow_y: str,
-    scrollbar_gutter: str,
-    scrollbar_size: int,
-    text_length: Literal["short_text", "long_text"],
-    expected_text_widget_width: int,
-    expects_vertical_scrollbar: bool,
-):
-    from rich.text import Text
-    from textual.geometry import Size
-
-    class TextWidget(Widget):
-        def render(self) -> Text:
-            text_multiplier = 10 if text_length == "long_text" else 2
-            return Text(
-                "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In velit liber a a a."
-                * text_multiplier
-            )
-
-    container = Widget()
-    container.styles.height = 3
-    container.styles.overflow_y = overflow_y
-    container.styles.scrollbar_gutter = scrollbar_gutter
-    if scrollbar_size > 1:
-        container.styles.scrollbar_size_vertical = scrollbar_size
-
-    text_widget = TextWidget()
-    text_widget.styles.height = "auto"
-    container._add_child(text_widget)
-
-    class MyTestApp(AppTest):
-        def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
-            yield container
-
-    app = MyTestApp(test_name="scrollbar_gutter", size=Size(80, 10))
-    await app.boot_and_shutdown()
-
-    assert text_widget.outer_size.width == expected_text_widget_width
-    assert container.scrollbars_enabled[0] is expects_vertical_scrollbar

tests/snapshot_tests/conftest.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def snap_compare(
     def compare(
         app_path: str,
         press: Iterable[str] = ("_",),
-        terminal_size: tuple[int, int] = (24, 80),
+        terminal_size: tuple[int, int] = (80, 24),
     ) -> bool:
         """
         Compare a current screenshot of the app running at app_path, with
@@ -52,14 +52,13 @@ def snap_compare(
         Args:
             app_path (str): The path of the app.
             press (Iterable[str]): Key presses to run before taking screenshot. "_" is a short pause.
-            terminal_size (tuple[int, int]): A pair of integers (rows, columns), representing terminal size.
+            terminal_size (tuple[int, int]): A pair of integers (WIDTH, SIZE), representing terminal size.
 
         Returns:
             bool: True if the screenshot matches the snapshot.
         """
         node = request.node
         app = import_app(app_path)
-        compare.app = app
         actual_screenshot = take_svg_screenshot(
             app=app,
             press=press,
@@ -69,7 +68,9 @@ def snap_compare(
 
         if result is False:
             # The split and join below is a mad hack, sorry...
-            node.stash[TEXTUAL_SNAPSHOT_SVG_KEY] = "\n".join(str(snapshot).splitlines()[1:-1])
+            node.stash[TEXTUAL_SNAPSHOT_SVG_KEY] = "\n".join(
+                str(snapshot).splitlines()[1:-1]
+            )
             node.stash[TEXTUAL_ACTUAL_SVG_KEY] = actual_screenshot
             node.stash[TEXTUAL_APP_KEY] = app
         else:
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ class SvgSnapshotDiff:
     """Model representing a diff between current screenshot of an app,
     and the snapshot on disk. This is ultimately intended to be used in
     a Jinja2 template."""
+
     snapshot: Optional[str]
     actual: Optional[str]
     test_name: str
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ def pytest_sessionfinish(
                     snapshot=str(snapshot_svg),
                     actual=str(actual_svg),
                     file_similarity=100
-                                    * difflib.SequenceMatcher(
+                    * difflib.SequenceMatcher(
                         a=str(snapshot_svg), b=str(actual_svg)
                     ).ratio(),
                     test_name=name,
@@ -176,7 +178,9 @@ def pytest_terminal_summary(
     if diffs:
         snapshot_report_location = config._textual_snapshot_html_report
         console.rule("[b red]Textual Snapshot Report", style="red")
-        console.print(f"\n[black on red]{len(diffs)} mismatched snapshots[/]\n"
+        console.print(
-                      f"\n[b]View the [link=file://{snapshot_report_location}]failure report[/].\n")
+            f"\n[black on red]{len(diffs)} mismatched snapshots[/]\n"
+            f"\n[b]View the [link=file://{snapshot_report_location}]failure report[/].\n"
+        )
         console.print(f"[dim]{snapshot_report_location}\n")
         console.rule(style="red")

tests/snapshot_tests/test_snapshots.py

@@ -66,22 +66,11 @@ def test_input_and_focus(snap_compare):
     ]
     assert snap_compare("docs/examples/widgets/input.py", press=press)
 
-    # Assert that the state of the Input is what we'd expect
-    app: App = snap_compare.app
-    input: Input = app.query_one(Input)
-    assert input.value == "Darren"
-    assert input.cursor_position == 6
-    assert input.view_position == 0
-
 
 def test_buttons_render(snap_compare):
     # Testing button rendering. We press tab to focus the first button too.
     assert snap_compare("docs/examples/widgets/button.py", press=["tab"])
 
-    app = snap_compare.app
-    button: Button = app.query_one(Button)
-    assert app.focused is button
-
 
 def test_datatable_render(snap_compare):
     press = ["tab", "down", "down", "right", "up", "left"]
@@ -100,6 +89,10 @@ def test_textlog_max_lines(snap_compare):
     assert snap_compare("tests/snapshots/textlog_max_lines.py", press=list("abcde"))
 
 
+def test_fr_units(snap_compare):
+    assert snap_compare("tests/snapshots/fr_units.py")
+
+
 # --- CSS properties ---
 # We have a canonical example for each CSS property that is shown in their docs.
 # If any of these change, something has likely broken, so snapshot each of them.

tests/snapshots/fr_units.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
+from textual.containers import Horizontal, Vertical
+from textual.widgets import Static
+
+
+class StaticText(Static):
+    pass
+
+
+class FRApp(App):
+
+    CSS = """
+    StaticText {
+        height: 1fr;
+        background: $boost;
+        border: heavy white;
+    }
+    #foo {
+        width: 10;
+    }
+    #bar {
+        width: 1fr;
+    }
+    #baz {
+        width: 8;
+    }
+    #header {
+        height: 1fr
+    }
+
+    Horizontal {
+        height: 2fr;
+    }
+
+    #footer {
+        height: 4;
+    }
+    
+    """
+
+    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
+        yield Vertical(
+            StaticText("HEADER", id="header"),
+            Horizontal(
+                StaticText("foo", id="foo"),
+                StaticText("bar", id="bar"),
+                StaticText("baz", id="baz"),
+            ),
+            StaticText("FOOTER", id="footer"),
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    app = FRApp()
+    app.run()

tests/test_auto_pilot.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from textual.app import App
+from textual.pilot import Pilot
+from textual import events
+
+
+def test_auto_pilot() -> None:
+
+    keys_pressed: list[str] = []
+
+    class TestApp(App):
+        def on_key(self, event: events.Key) -> None:
+            keys_pressed.append(event.key)
+
+    async def auto_pilot(pilot: Pilot) -> None:
+
+        await pilot.press("tab", *"foo")
+        await pilot.pause(1 / 100)
+        await pilot.exit("bar")
+
+    app = TestApp()
+    result = app.run(headless=True, auto_pilot=auto_pilot)
+    assert result == "bar"
+    assert keys_pressed == ["tab", "f", "o", "o"]

tests/test_auto_refresh.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+import asyncio
 from time import time
 
 from textual.app import App
+from textual.pilot import Pilot
 
 
 class RefreshApp(App[float]):
@@ -22,7 +24,10 @@ class RefreshApp(App[float]):
 def test_auto_refresh():
     app = RefreshApp()
 
-    elapsed = app.run(quit_after=1, headless=True)
+    async def quit_after(pilot: Pilot) -> None:
+        await asyncio.sleep(1)
+
+    elapsed = app.run(auto_pilot=quit_after, headless=True)
     assert elapsed is not None
     # CI can run slower, so we need to give this a bit of margin
     assert 0.2 <= elapsed < 0.8

tests/test_box_model.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def test_content_box():
         assert False, "must not be called"
 
     box_model = get_box_model(
-        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
+        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
     )
     # Size should be inclusive of padding / border
     assert box_model == BoxModel(Fraction(10), Fraction(8), Spacing(0, 0, 0, 0))
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def test_content_box():
     styles.box_sizing = "content-box"
 
     box_model = get_box_model(
-        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
+        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
     )
     # width and height have added padding / border to accommodate content
     assert box_model == BoxModel(Fraction(14), Fraction(12), Spacing(0, 0, 0, 0))
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def test_width():
         return 10
 
     box_model = get_box_model(
-        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
+        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
     )
     assert box_model == BoxModel(Fraction(60), Fraction(20), Spacing(0, 0, 0, 0))
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def test_width():
     styles.margin = (1, 2, 3, 4)
 
     box_model = get_box_model(
-        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
+        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
     )
     assert box_model == BoxModel(Fraction(54), Fraction(16), Spacing(1, 2, 3, 4))
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def test_width():
     styles.width = "auto"
 
     box_model = get_box_model(
-        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
+        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
     )
     # Setting width to auto should call get_auto_width
     assert box_model == BoxModel(Fraction(10), Fraction(16), Spacing(1, 2, 3, 4))
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def test_width():
     styles.width = "100vw"
 
     box_model = get_box_model(
-        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
+        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
     )
     assert box_model == BoxModel(Fraction(80), Fraction(16), Spacing(1, 2, 3, 4))
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def test_width():
     styles.width = "100%"
 
     box_model = get_box_model(
-        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
+        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
     )
     assert box_model == BoxModel(Fraction(54), Fraction(16), Spacing(1, 2, 3, 4))
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ def test_width():
     styles.max_width = "50%"
 
     box_model = get_box_model(
-        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
+        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
     )
     assert box_model == BoxModel(Fraction(30), Fraction(16), Spacing(1, 2, 3, 4))
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def test_height():
         return 10
 
     box_model = get_box_model(
-        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
+        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
     )
     assert box_model == BoxModel(Fraction(60), Fraction(20), Spacing(0, 0, 0, 0))
 
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ def test_height():
     styles.margin = (1, 2, 3, 4)
 
     box_model = get_box_model(
-        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
+        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
     )
     assert box_model == BoxModel(Fraction(54), Fraction(16), Spacing(1, 2, 3, 4))
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ def test_height():
     styles.height = "100vh"
 
     box_model = get_box_model(
-        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
+        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
     )
     assert box_model == BoxModel(Fraction(54), Fraction(24), Spacing(1, 2, 3, 4))
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ def test_height():
     styles.height = "100%"
 
     box_model = get_box_model(
-        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
+        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
     )
     assert box_model == BoxModel(Fraction(54), Fraction(16), Spacing(1, 2, 3, 4))
 
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ def test_height():
     styles.margin = 2
 
     box_model = get_box_model(
-        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
+        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
     )
     assert box_model == BoxModel(Fraction(56), Fraction(10), Spacing(2, 2, 2, 2))
 
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ def test_height():
     styles.max_height = "50%"
 
     box_model = get_box_model(
-        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
+        styles, Size(60, 20), Size(80, 24), one, one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
     )
     assert box_model == BoxModel(Fraction(54), Fraction(10), Spacing(1, 2, 3, 4))
 
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ def test_max():
         assert False, "must not be called"
 
     box_model = get_box_model(
-        styles, Size(40, 30), Size(80, 24), one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
+        styles, Size(40, 30), Size(80, 24), one, one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
     )
     assert box_model == BoxModel(Fraction(40), Fraction(30), Spacing(0, 0, 0, 0))
 
@@ -194,6 +194,6 @@ def test_min():
         assert False, "must not be called"
 
     box_model = get_box_model(
-        styles, Size(40, 30), Size(80, 24), one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
+        styles, Size(40, 30), Size(80, 24), one, one, get_auto_width, get_auto_height
     )
     assert box_model == BoxModel(Fraction(40), Fraction(30), Spacing(0, 0, 0, 0))

tests/test_integration_scrolling.py

@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from typing import Sequence, cast
-
-import pytest
-
-from tests.utilities.test_app import AppTest
-from textual.app import ComposeResult
-from textual.geometry import Size
-from textual.widget import Widget
-from textual.widgets import Placeholder
-
-pytestmark = pytest.mark.integration_test
-
-SCREEN_SIZE = Size(100, 30)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skip("Needs a rethink")
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    (
-        "screen_size",
-        "placeholders_count",
-        "scroll_to_placeholder_id",
-        "scroll_to_animate",
-        "waiting_duration",
-        "last_screen_expected_placeholder_ids",
-    ),
-    (
-        [SCREEN_SIZE, 10, None, None, 0.01, (0, 1, 2, 3, 4)],
-        [SCREEN_SIZE, 10, "placeholder_3", False, 0.01, (0, 1, 2, 3, 4)],
-        [SCREEN_SIZE, 10, "placeholder_5", False, 0.01, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)],
-        [SCREEN_SIZE, 10, "placeholder_7", False, 0.01, (3, 4, 5, 6, 7)],
-        [SCREEN_SIZE, 10, "placeholder_9", False, 0.01, (5, 6, 7, 8, 9)],
-        # N.B. Scroll duration is hard-coded to 0.2 in the `scroll_to_widget` method atm
-        # Waiting for this duration should allow us to see the scroll finished:
-        [SCREEN_SIZE, 10, "placeholder_9", True, 0.21, (5, 6, 7, 8, 9)],
-        # After having waited for approximately half of the scrolling duration, we should
-        # see the middle Placeholders as we're scrolling towards the last of them.
-        [SCREEN_SIZE, 10, "placeholder_9", True, 0.1, (4, 5, 6, 7, 8)],
-    ),
-)
-async def test_scroll_to_widget(
-    screen_size: Size,
-    placeholders_count: int,
-    scroll_to_animate: bool | None,
-    scroll_to_placeholder_id: str | None,
-    waiting_duration: float | None,
-    last_screen_expected_placeholder_ids: Sequence[int],
-):
-    class VerticalContainer(Widget):
-        DEFAULT_CSS = """
-        VerticalContainer {
-            layout: vertical;
-            overflow: hidden auto;
-        }
-        VerticalContainer Placeholder {
-            margin: 1 0;
-            height: 5;
-        }
-        """
-
-    class MyTestApp(AppTest):
-        DEFAULT_CSS = """
-        Placeholder {
-            height: 5; /* minimal height to see the name of a Placeholder */
-        }
-        """
-
-        def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
-            placeholders = [
-                Placeholder(id=f"placeholder_{i}", name=f"Placeholder #{i}")
-                for i in range(placeholders_count)
-            ]
-
-            yield VerticalContainer(*placeholders, id="root")
-
-    app = MyTestApp(size=screen_size, test_name="scroll_to_widget")
-
-    async with app.in_running_state(waiting_duration_after_yield=waiting_duration or 0):
-        if scroll_to_placeholder_id:
-            target_widget_container = cast(Widget, app.query("#root").first())
-            target_widget = cast(
-                Widget, app.query(f"#{scroll_to_placeholder_id}").first()
-            )
-            target_widget_container.scroll_to_widget(
-                target_widget, animate=scroll_to_animate
-            )
-
-    last_display_capture = app.last_display_capture
-
-    placeholders_visibility_by_id = {
-        id_: f"placeholder_{id_}" in last_display_capture
-        for id_ in range(placeholders_count)
-    }
-    print(placeholders_visibility_by_id)
-    # Let's start by checking placeholders that should be visible:
-    for placeholder_id in last_screen_expected_placeholder_ids:
-        assert placeholders_visibility_by_id[placeholder_id] is True, (
-            f"Placeholder '{placeholder_id}' should be visible but isn't"
-            f" :: placeholders_visibility_by_id={placeholders_visibility_by_id}"
-        )
-
-    # Ok, now for placeholders that should *not* be visible:
-    # We're simply going to check that all the placeholders that are not in
-    # `last_screen_expected_placeholder_ids` are not on the screen:
-    last_screen_expected_out_of_viewport_placeholder_ids = sorted(
-        tuple(
-            set(range(placeholders_count)) - set(last_screen_expected_placeholder_ids)
-        )
-    )
-    for placeholder_id in last_screen_expected_out_of_viewport_placeholder_ids:
-        assert placeholders_visibility_by_id[placeholder_id] is False, (
-            f"Placeholder '{placeholder_id}' should not be visible but is"
-            f" :: placeholders_visibility_by_id={placeholders_visibility_by_id}"
-        )

tests/test_screens.py

@@ -89,4 +89,4 @@ async def test_screens():
     screen1.remove()
     screen2.remove()
     screen3.remove()
-    await app.shutdown()
+    await app._shutdown()

tests/test_test_runner.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from textual.app import App
+from textual import events
+
+
+async def test_run_test() -> None:
+    """Test the run_test context manager."""
+    keys_pressed: list[str] = []
+
+    class TestApp(App[str]):
+        def on_key(self, event: events.Key) -> None:
+            keys_pressed.append(event.key)
+
+    app = TestApp()
+    async with app.run_test() as pilot:
+        assert str(pilot) == "<Pilot app=TestApp(title='TestApp')>"
+        await pilot.press("tab", *"foo")
+        await pilot.pause(1 / 100)
+        await pilot.exit("bar")
+
+    assert app.return_value == "bar"
+    assert keys_pressed == ["tab", "f", "o", "o"]

tests/test_unmount.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
+from textual import events
+from textual.containers import Container
+from textual.screen import Screen
+
+
+async def test_unmount():
+    """Test unmount events are received in reverse DOM order."""
+    unmount_ids: list[str] = []
+
+    class UnmountWidget(Container):
+        def on_unmount(self, event: events.Unmount):
+            unmount_ids.append(f"{self.__class__.__name__}#{self.id}")
+
+    class MyScreen(Screen):
+        def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
+            yield UnmountWidget(
+                UnmountWidget(
+                    UnmountWidget(id="bar1"), UnmountWidget(id="bar2"), id="bar"
+                ),
+                UnmountWidget(
+                    UnmountWidget(id="baz1"), UnmountWidget(id="baz2"), id="baz"
+                ),
+                id="top",
+            )
+
+        def on_unmount(self, event: events.Unmount):
+            unmount_ids.append(f"{self.__class__.__name__}#{self.id}")
+
+    class UnmountApp(App):
+        async def on_mount(self) -> None:
+            await self.push_screen(MyScreen(id="main"))
+
+    app = UnmountApp()
+    async with app.run_test() as pilot:
+        await pilot.exit(None)
+
+    expected = [
+        "UnmountWidget#bar1",
+        "UnmountWidget#bar2",
+        "UnmountWidget#baz1",
+        "UnmountWidget#baz2",
+        "UnmountWidget#bar",
+        "UnmountWidget#baz",
+        "UnmountWidget#top",
+        "MyScreen#main",
+    ]
+
+    assert unmount_ids == expected

tests/utilities/test_app.py

@@ -1,353 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import asyncio
-import contextlib
-import io
-from math import ceil
-from pathlib import Path
-from time import monotonic
-from typing import AsyncContextManager, cast, ContextManager
-from unittest import mock
-
-from rich.console import Console
-
-from textual import events, errors
-from textual._ansi_sequences import SYNC_START
-from textual._clock import _Clock
-from textual._context import active_app
-from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
-from textual.app import WINDOWS
-from textual.driver import Driver
-from textual.geometry import Size, Region
-
-
-# N.B. These classes would better be named TestApp/TestConsole/TestDriver/etc,
-# but it makes pytest emit warning as it will try to collect them as classes containing test cases :-/
-
-
-class AppTest(App):
-    def __init__(self, *, test_name: str, size: Size):
-        # Tests will log in "/tests/test.[test name].log":
-        log_path = Path(__file__).parent.parent / f"test.{test_name}.log"
-        super().__init__(
-            driver_class=DriverTest,
-        )
-
-        # Let's disable all features by default
-        self.features = frozenset()
-
-        # We need this so the "start buffeting"` is always sent for a screen refresh,
-        # whatever the environment:
-        # (we use it to slice the output into distinct full screens displays)
-        self._sync_available = True
-
-        self._size = size
-        self._console = ConsoleTest(width=size.width, height=size.height)
-        self._error_console = ConsoleTest(width=size.width, height=size.height)
-
-    def log_tree(self) -> None:
-        """Handy shortcut when testing stuff"""
-        self.log(self.tree)
-
-    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
-        raise NotImplementedError(
-            "Create a subclass of TestApp and override its `compose()` method, rather than using TestApp directly"
-        )
-
-    def in_running_state(
-        self,
-        *,
-        time_mocking_ticks_granularity_fps: int = 60,  # i.e. when moving forward by 1 second we'll do it though 60 ticks
-        waiting_duration_after_initialisation: float = 1,
-        waiting_duration_after_yield: float = 0,
-    ) -> AsyncContextManager[ClockMock]:
-        async def run_app() -> None:
-            await self._process_messages()
-
-        @contextlib.asynccontextmanager
-        async def get_running_state_context_manager():
-            with mock_textual_timers(
-                ticks_granularity_fps=time_mocking_ticks_granularity_fps
-            ) as clock_mock:
-                run_task = asyncio.create_task(run_app())
-
-                # We have to do this because `run_app()` is running in its own async task, and our test is going to
-                # run in this one - so the app must also be the active App in our current context:
-                self._set_active()
-
-                await clock_mock.advance_clock(waiting_duration_after_initialisation)
-                # make sure the App has entered its main loop at this stage:
-                assert self._driver is not None
-
-                await self.force_full_screen_update()
-
-                # And now it's time to pass the torch on to the test function!
-                # We provide the `move_clock_forward` function to it,
-                # so it can also do some time-based Textual stuff if it needs to:
-                yield clock_mock
-
-                await clock_mock.advance_clock(waiting_duration_after_yield)
-
-                # Make sure our screen is up-to-date before exiting the context manager,
-                # so tests using our `last_display_capture` for example can assert things on a fully refreshed screen:
-                await self.force_full_screen_update()
-
-            # End of simulated time: we just shut down ourselves:
-            assert not run_task.done()
-            await self.shutdown()
-            await run_task
-
-        return get_running_state_context_manager()
-
-    async def boot_and_shutdown(
-        self,
-        *,
-        waiting_duration_after_initialisation: float = 0.001,
-        waiting_duration_before_shutdown: float = 0,
-    ):
-        """Just a commodity shortcut for `async with app.in_running_state(): pass`, for simple cases"""
-        async with self.in_running_state(
-            waiting_duration_after_initialisation=waiting_duration_after_initialisation,
-            waiting_duration_after_yield=waiting_duration_before_shutdown,
-        ):
-            pass
-
-    def get_char_at(self, x: int, y: int) -> str:
-        """Get the character at the given cell or empty string
-
-        Args:
-            x (int): X position within the Layout
-            y (int): Y position within the Layout
-
-        Returns:
-            str: The character at the cell (x, y) within the Layout
-        """
-        # N.B. Basically a copy-paste-and-slightly-adapt of `Compositor.get_style_at()`
-        try:
-            widget, region = self.get_widget_at(x, y)
-        except errors.NoWidget:
-            return ""
-        if widget not in self.screen._compositor.visible_widgets:
-            return ""
-
-        x -= region.x
-        y -= region.y
-        lines = widget.render_lines(Region(0, y, region.width, 1))
-        if not lines:
-            return ""
-        end = 0
-        for segment in lines[0]:
-            end += segment.cell_length
-            if x < end:
-                return segment.text[0]
-        return ""
-
-    async def force_full_screen_update(
-        self, *, repaint: bool = True, layout: bool = True
-    ) -> None:
-        try:
-            screen = self.screen
-        except IndexError:
-            return  # the app may not have a screen yet
-
-        # We artificially tell the Compositor that the whole area should be refreshed
-        screen._compositor._dirty_regions = {
-            Region(0, 0, screen.outer_size.width, screen.outer_size.height),
-        }
-        screen.refresh(repaint=repaint, layout=layout)
-        # We also have to make sure we have at least one dirty widget, or `screen._on_update()` will early return:
-        screen._dirty_widgets.add(screen)
-        screen._on_timer_update()
-
-        await let_asyncio_process_some_events()
-
-    def _handle_exception(self, error: Exception) -> None:
-        # In tests we want the errors to be raised, rather than printed to a Console
-        raise error
-
-    def run(self):
-        raise NotImplementedError(
-            "Use `async with my_test_app.in_running_state()` rather than `my_test_app.run()`"
-        )
-
-    @property
-    def active_app(self) -> App | None:
-        return active_app.get()
-
-    @property
-    def total_capture(self) -> str | None:
-        return self.console.file.getvalue()
-
-    @property
-    def last_display_capture(self) -> str | None:
-        total_capture = self.total_capture
-        if not total_capture:
-            return None
-        screen_captures = total_capture.split(SYNC_START)
-        for single_screen_capture in reversed(screen_captures):
-            if len(single_screen_capture) > 30:
-                # let's return the last occurrence of a screen that seem to be properly "fully-paint"
-                return single_screen_capture
-        return None
-
-    @property
-    def console(self) -> ConsoleTest:
-        return self._console
-
-    @console.setter
-    def console(self, console: Console) -> None:
-        """This is a no-op, the console is always a TestConsole"""
-        return
-
-    @property
-    def error_console(self) -> ConsoleTest:
-        return self._error_console
-
-    @error_console.setter
-    def error_console(self, console: Console) -> None:
-        """This is a no-op, the error console is always a TestConsole"""
-        return
-
-
-class ConsoleTest(Console):
-    def __init__(self, *, width: int, height: int):
-        file = io.StringIO()
-        super().__init__(
-            color_system="256",
-            file=file,
-            width=width,
-            height=height,
-            force_terminal=False,
-            legacy_windows=False,
-        )
-
-    @property
-    def file(self) -> io.StringIO:
-        return cast(io.StringIO, self._file)
-
-    @property
-    def is_dumb_terminal(self) -> bool:
-        return False
-
-
-class DriverTest(Driver):
-    def start_application_mode(self) -> None:
-        size = Size(self.console.size.width, self.console.size.height)
-        event = events.Resize(self._target, size, size)
-        asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
-            self._target.post_message(event),
-            loop=asyncio.get_running_loop(),
-        )
-
-    def disable_input(self) -> None:
-        pass
-
-    def stop_application_mode(self) -> None:
-        pass
-
-
-# It seems that we have to give _way more_ time to `asyncio` on Windows in order to see our different awaiters
-# properly triggered when we pause our own "move clock forward" loop.
-# It could be caused by the fact that the time resolution for `asyncio` on this platform seems rather low:
-# > The resolution of the monotonic clock on Windows is usually around 15.6 msec.
-# > The best resolution is 0.5 msec.
-# @link https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-platforms.html:
-ASYNCIO_EVENTS_PROCESSING_REQUIRED_PERIOD = 0.025 if WINDOWS else 0.005
-
-
-async def let_asyncio_process_some_events() -> None:
-    await asyncio.sleep(ASYNCIO_EVENTS_PROCESSING_REQUIRED_PERIOD)
-
-
-class ClockMock(_Clock):
-    # To avoid issues with floats we will store the current time as an integer internally.
-    # Tenths of microseconds should be a good enough granularity:
-    TIME_RESOLUTION = 10_000_000
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        *,
-        ticks_granularity_fps: int = 60,
-    ):
-        self._ticks_granularity_fps = ticks_granularity_fps
-        self._single_tick_duration = int(self.TIME_RESOLUTION / ticks_granularity_fps)
-        self._start_time: int = -1
-        self._current_time: int = -1
-        # For each call to our `sleep` method we will store an asyncio.Event
-        # and the time at which we should trigger it:
-        self._pending_sleep_events: dict[int, list[asyncio.Event]] = {}
-
-    def get_time_no_wait(self) -> float:
-        if self._current_time == -1:
-            self._start_clock()
-
-        return self._current_time / self.TIME_RESOLUTION
-
-    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
-        event = asyncio.Event()
-        internal_waiting_duration = int(seconds * self.TIME_RESOLUTION)
-        target_event_monotonic_time = self._current_time + internal_waiting_duration
-        self._pending_sleep_events.setdefault(target_event_monotonic_time, []).append(
-            event
-        )
-        # Ok, let's wait for this Event
-        # (which can only be "unlocked" by calls to `advance_clock()`)
-        await event.wait()
-
-    async def advance_clock(self, seconds: float) -> None:
-        """
-        Artificially advance the Textual clock forward.
-
-        Args:
-            seconds: for each second we will artificially tick `ticks_granularity_fps` times
-        """
-        if self._current_time == -1:
-            self._start_clock()
-
-        ticks_count = ceil(seconds * self._ticks_granularity_fps)
-        activated_timers_count_total = 0  # useful when debugging this code :-)
-        for tick_counter in range(ticks_count):
-            self._current_time += self._single_tick_duration
-            activated_timers_count = self._check_sleep_timers_to_activate()
-            activated_timers_count_total += activated_timers_count
-            # Now that we likely unlocked some occurrences of `await sleep(duration)`,
-            # let's give an opportunity to asyncio-related stuff to happen:
-            if activated_timers_count:
-                await let_asyncio_process_some_events()
-
-        await let_asyncio_process_some_events()
-
-    def _start_clock(self) -> None:
-        # N.B. `start_time` is not actually used, but it is useful to have when we set breakpoints there :-)
-        self._start_time = self._current_time = int(monotonic() * self.TIME_RESOLUTION)
-
-    def _check_sleep_timers_to_activate(self) -> int:
-        activated_timers_count = 0
-        activated_events_times_to_clear: list[int] = []
-        for (monotonic_time, target_events) in self._pending_sleep_events.items():
-            if self._current_time < monotonic_time:
-                continue  # not time for you yet, dear awaiter...
-            # Right, let's release these waiting events!
-            for event in target_events:
-                event.set()
-            activated_timers_count += len(target_events)
-            # ...and let's mark it for removal:
-            activated_events_times_to_clear.append(monotonic_time)
-
-        for event_time_to_clear in activated_events_times_to_clear:
-            del self._pending_sleep_events[event_time_to_clear]
-
-        return activated_timers_count
-
-
-def mock_textual_timers(
-    *,
-    ticks_granularity_fps: int = 60,
-) -> ContextManager[ClockMock]:
-    @contextlib.contextmanager
-    def mock_textual_timers_context_manager():
-        clock_mock = ClockMock(ticks_granularity_fps=ticks_granularity_fps)
-        with mock.patch("textual._clock._clock", new=clock_mock):
-            yield clock_mock
-
-    return mock_textual_timers_context_manager()