Merge pull request #979 from Textualize/css

CSS
2025-10-17 02:38:12 +03:00 · 2022-10-22 18:52:33 +01:00
parent c9261f9e62 2a351c0ff6
commit 66d3e571f3
588 changed files with 46566 additions and 5431 deletions
--- a/.github/FUNDING.yml
+++ b/.github/FUNDING.yml
@@ -1,3 +1 @@
 # These are supported funding model platforms
 ko_fi: textualize
--- a/.github/workflows/pythonpackage.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pythonpackage.yml
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
-        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9"]
+        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10"]
    defaults:
      run:
        shell: bash
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
          version: 1.1.6
          virtualenvs-in-project: true
      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: poetry install
+        run: poetry install --extras "dev"
        if: steps.cached-poetry-dependencies.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
      - name: Format check with black
        run: |
@@ -39,11 +39,9 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          source $VENV
          pytest tests -v --cov=./src/textual --cov-report=xml:./coverage.xml --cov-report term-missing
-      - name: Upload code coverage
+      - name: Upload snapshot report
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1.0.10
+        if: always()
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          name: snapshot-report-textual
-          file: ./coverage.xml
+          path: tests/snapshot_tests/output/snapshot_report.html
          name: rich
          flags: unittests
          env_vars: OS,PYTHON
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 .pytype
 .DS_Store
 .vscode
 .idea
 mypy_report
 docs/build
 docs/source/_build
@@ -112,3 +113,6 @@ venv.bak/
 # mypy
 .mypy_cache/
 # Snapshot testing report output directory
 tests/snapshot_tests/output
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@
 # See https://pre-commit.com/hooks.html for more hooks
 repos:
 -   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v3.2.0
+    rev: v4.3.0
    hooks:
    -   id: trailing-whitespace
    -   id: end-of-file-fixer
    -   id: check-yaml
        args: ['--unsafe']
 -   repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-    rev: 21.8b0
+    rev: 22.3.0
    hooks:
    -   id: black
        exclude: ^tests/
 exclude: ^tests/snapshot_tests
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](http://keepachangelog.com/)
 and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
 ## [0.2.0] - 2022-10-23
 ### Added
 - CSS support
 - Too numerous to mention
 ## [0.1.18] - 2022-04-30
 ### Changed
--- a/12
+++ b/12
@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
 test:
 	pytest --cov-report term-missing --cov=textual tests/ -vv
 unit-test:
 	pytest --cov-report term-missing --cov=textual tests/ -vv -m "not integration_test"
 test-snapshot-update:
 	pytest --cov-report term-missing --cov=textual tests/ -vv --snapshot-update
 typecheck:
 	mypy src/textual
 format:
 	black src
 format-check:
-	black --check .
+	black --check src
 docs-serve:
 	mkdocs serve
 docs-build:
 	mkdocs build
 docs-deploy:
 	mkdocs gh-deploy
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,375 +1,121 @@
 # Textual
-![screenshot](./imgs/textual.png)
+![Textual splash image](./imgs/textual.png)
-Textual is a TUI (Text User Interface) framework for Python inspired by modern web development. Currently a **Work in Progress**.
+Textual is a Python framework for creating interactive applications that run in your terminal.
 > **Warning**
 >
 > We ([Textualize.io](https://www.textualize.io)) are hard at work on the **css** branch. We will maintain the 0.1.0 branch for the near future but may not be able to accept API changes. If you would like to contribute code via a PR, please raise a discussion first, to avoid disappointment.
-Follow [@willmcgugan](https://twitter.com/willmcgugan) for progress updates, or post in Discussions if you have any requests / suggestions.
+## About
-[![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/textual-ui/community](https://badges.gitter.im/textual-ui/community.svg)](https://gitter.im/textual-ui/community?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
+Textual adds interactivity to [Rich](https://github.com/Textualize/rich) with a Python API inspired by modern web development.
 On modern terminal software (installed by default on most systems), Textual apps can use **16.7 million** colors with mouse support and smooth flicker-free animation. A powerful layout engine and re-usable components makes it possible to build apps that rival the desktop and web experience. 
 ## Compatibility
-Textual currently runs on **MacOS / Linux / Windows**.
+Textual runs on Linux, macOS, and Windows. Textual requires Python 3.7 or above.
-## How it works
+## Installing
-Textual uses [Rich](https://github.com/willmcgugan/rich) to render rich text, so anything that Rich can render may be used in Textual.
+Install Textual via pip:
 Event handling in Textual is asynchronous (using `async` and `await` keywords). Widgets (UI components) can independently update and communicate with each other via message passing.
 Textual has more in common with modern web development than it does with [curses](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curses_(programming_library)>); layout is done with CSS grid and (soon) the theme may be customized with CSS. Other techniques are borrowed from JS frameworks such as Vue and React.
 ## Installation
 You can install Textual via pip (`pip install textual`), or by checking out the repo and installing with [poetry](https://python-poetry.org/docs/).
 ```
-poetry install
+pip install textual[dev]
 ```
-Once installed you can run the following command for a quick test, or see examples (below):
+The addition of `[dev]` installs Textual development tools. See the [docs](https://textual.textualize.io/getting_started/) if you need help getting started.
 ## Demo
 Run the following command to see a little of what Textual can do:
 ```
-python -m textual.app
+python -m textual
 ```
-Textual requires Python 3.7 or above.
+![Textual demo](./imgs/demo.svg)
 ## Documentation
 Head over to the [Textual documentation](http://textual.textualize.io/) to start building!
 ## Examples
-Until I've written the documentation, the [examples](https://github.com/willmcgugan/textual/tree/main/examples/) may be the best way to learn Textual.
+The Textual repository comes with a number of examples you can experiment with or use as a template for your own projects.
 You can see some of these examples in action in the [Developer Video Log](#developer-video-log).
 - [animation.py](https://github.com/willmcgugan/textual/tree/main/examples/animation.py) Demonstration of 60fps animation easing function
 - [calculator.py](https://github.com/willmcgugan/textual/tree/main/examples/calculator.py) A "clone" of the MacOS calculator using Grid layout
 - [code_viewer.py](https://github.com/willmcgugan/textual/tree/main/examples/code_viewer.py) A demonstration of a tree view which loads syntax highlighted code
 - [grid.py](https://github.com/willmcgugan/textual/tree/main/examples/grid.py) A simple demonstration of adding widgets in a Grid layout
 - [grid_auto.py](https://github.com/willmcgugan/textual/tree/main/examples/grid_auto.py) A demonstration of automatic Grid layout
 - [simple.py](https://github.com/willmcgugan/textual/tree/main/examples/simple.py) A very simple Textual app with scrolling Markdown view
 ## Building Textual applications
 _This guide is a work in progress_
 Let's look at the simplest Textual app which does _something_:
 ```python
 from textual.app import App
-class Beeper(App):
+<details>
-    def on_key(self):
+  <summary> 🎬 Code browser </summary>
-        self.console.bell()
+  <hr>
  This is the [code_browser.py](./examples/code_browser.py) example which clocks in at 61 lines (*including* docstrings and blank lines).
 https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/554369/197188237-88d3f7e4-4e5f-40b5-b996-c47b19ee2f49.mov
 </details>
-Beeper.run()
+<details>  
  <summary> 📷 Calculator </summary>
  <hr>
 This is [calculator.py](./examples/calculator.py) which demonstrates Textual grid layouts.
 ![calculator screenshot](./imgs/calculator.svg)
 </details>
 <details>
  <summary> 📷 Stopwatch </summary>
  <hr>
  This is the Stopwatch example from the tutorial.
 ### Light theme 
 ![stopwatch light screenshot](./imgs/stopwatch_light.svg)
 ### Dark theme
 ![stopwatch dark screenshot](./imgs/stopwatch_dark.svg)
 </details>
 ## Reference commands
 The `textual` command has a few sub-commands to preview Textual styles.
 <details>  
  <summary> 🎬 Easing reference </summary>
  <hr>
 This is the *easing* reference which demonstrates the easing parameter on animation, with both movement and opacity. You can run it with the following command:
 ```bash
 textual easing
 ```
 Here we can see a textual app with a single `on_key` method which will handle key events. Pressing any key will result in playing the terminal bell (generally an irritating beep). Hit Ctrl+C to exit.
-Event handlers in Textual are defined by convention, not by inheritance (there's no base class with all the handlers defined). Each event has a `name` attribute which for the key event is simply `"key"`. Textual will call the method named `on_<event.name>` if it exists.
+https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/554369/196157100-352852a6-2b09-4dc8-a888-55b53570aff9.mov
 Let's look at a _slightly_ more interesting example:
 ```python
 from textual.app import App
-class ColorChanger(App):
+ </details>
    def on_key(self, event):
        if event.key.isdigit():
            self.background = f"on color({event.key})"
-
+<details>  
-ColorChanger.run(log="textual.log")
+  <summary> 🎬 Borders reference </summary>
  <hr>
 This is the borders reference which demonstrates some of the borders styles in Textual. You can run it with the following command:
 ```bash
 textual borders
 ```
 You'll notice that the `on_key` method above contains an additional `event` parameter which wasn't present on the beeper example. If the `event` argument is present, Textual will call the handler with an event object. Every event has an associated handler object, in this case it is a KeyEvent which contains additional information regarding which key was pressed.
-The key event handler above will set the background attribute if you press the keys 0-9, which turns the terminal to the corresponding [ansi color](https://rich.readthedocs.io/en/latest/appendix/colors.html).
+https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/554369/196158235-4b45fb78-053d-4fd5-b285-e09b4f1c67a8.mov
 Note that we didn't need to explicitly refresh the screen or draw anything. Setting the `background` attribute to a [Rich style](https://rich.readthedocs.io/en/latest/style.html) is enough for Textual to update the visuals. This is an example of _reactivity_ in Textual. To make changes to the terminal interface you modify the _state_ and let Textual update the UI.
-## Widgets
+  
-
+</details>
 To make more interesting apps you will need to make use of _widgets_, which are independent user interface elements. Textual comes with a (growing) library of widgets, but you can develop your own.
 Let's look at an app which contains widgets. We will be using the built-in `Placeholder` widget which you can use to design application layouts before you implement the real content.
 ```python
 from textual.app import App
 from textual.widgets import Placeholder
 class SimpleApp(App):
    async def on_mount(self) -> None:
        await self.view.dock(Placeholder(), edge="left", size=40)
        await self.view.dock(Placeholder(), Placeholder(), edge="top")
 SimpleApp.run(log="textual.log")
 ```
 This app contains a single event handler `on_mount`. The mount event is sent when the app or widget is ready to start processing events, and is typically used for initialization. You may have noticed that `on_mount` is an `async` function. Since Textual is an asynchronous framework we will need this if we need to call most other methods.
 The `on_mount` method makes two calls to `self.view.dock` which adds widgets to the terminal.
 Here's the first line in the mount handler:
 ```python
 await self.view.dock(Placeholder(), edge="left", size=40)
 ```
 Note this method is asynchronous like almost all API methods in Textual. We are awaiting `self.view.dock` which takes a newly constructed Placeholder widget, and docks it on to the `"left"` edge of the terminal with a size of 40 characters. In a real app you might use this to display a side-bar.
 The following line is similar:
 ```python
 await self.view.dock(Placeholder(), Placeholder(), edge="top")
 ```
 You will notice that this time we are docking _two_ Placeholder objects onto the `"top"` edge. We haven't set an explicit size this time so Textual will divide the remaining size amongst the two new widgets.
 The last line calls the `run` class method in the usual way, but with an argument we haven't seen before: `log="textual.log"` tells Textual to write log information to the given file. You can tail textual.log to see events being processed and other debug information.
 If you run the above example, you will see something like the following:
 ![widgets](./imgs/widgets.png)
 If you move the mouse over the terminal you will notice that widgets receive mouse events. You can click any of the placeholders to give it input focus.
 The dock layout feature is very flexible, but for more sophisticated layouts we can use the grid API. See the [calculator.py](https://github.com/willmcgugan/textual/blob/main/examples/calculator.py) example which makes use of Grid.
 ### Creating Widgets
 You can create your own widgets by subclassing the `textual.widget.Widget` class and implementing a `render()` method which should return anything that can be rendered with [Rich](https://rich.readthedocs.io/en/latest/introduction.html), including a plain string which will be interpreted as [console markup](https://rich.readthedocs.io/en/latest/markup.html).
 Let's look at an example with a custom widget:
 ```python
 from rich.panel import Panel
 from textual.app import App
 from textual.reactive import Reactive
 from textual.widget import Widget
 class Hover(Widget):
    mouse_over = Reactive(False)
    def render(self) -> Panel:
        return Panel("Hello [b]World[/b]", style=("on red" if self.mouse_over else ""))
    def on_enter(self) -> None:
        self.mouse_over = True
    def on_leave(self) -> None:
        self.mouse_over = False
 class HoverApp(App):
    """Demonstrates custom widgets"""
    async def on_mount(self) -> None:
        hovers = (Hover() for _ in range(10))
        await self.view.dock(*hovers, edge="top")
 HoverApp.run(log="textual.log")
 ```
 The `Hover` class is a custom widget which displays a panel containing the classic text "Hello World". The first line in the Hover class may seem a little mysterious at this point:
 ```python
 mouse_over = Reactive(False)
 ```
 This adds a `mouse_over` attribute to your class which is a bool with a default of `False`. Adding attributes like this makes them _reactive_: any changes will result in the widget updating.
 The following `render()` method is where you define how the widget should be displayed. In the Hover widget we return a [Panel](https://rich.readthedocs.io/en/latest/panel.html) containing rich text with a background that changes depending on the value of `mouse_over`. The goal here is to add a mouse hover effect to the widget, which we can achieve by handling two events: `Enter` and `Leave`. These events are sent when the mouse enters or leaves the widget.
 Here are the two event handlers again:
 ```python
    def on_enter(self) -> None:
        self.mouse_over = True
    def on_leave(self) -> None:
        self.mouse_over = False
 ```
 Both event handlers set the `mouse_over` attribute which will result in the widget's `render()` method being called.
 The `HoverApp` has a `on_mount` handler which creates 10 Hover widgets and docks them on the top edge to create a vertical stack:
 ```python
    async def on_mount(self) -> None:
        hovers = (Hover() for _ in range(10))
        await self.view.dock(*hovers, edge="top")
 ```
 If you run this script you will see something like the following:
 ![widgets](./imgs/custom.gif)
 If you move your mouse over the terminal you should see that the widget under the mouse cursor changes to a red background.
 ### Actions and key bindings
 Actions in Textual are white-listed functions that may be bound to keys. Let's look at a trivial example of binding a key to an action. Here is an app which exits when we hit the Q key:
 ```python
 from textual.app import App
 class Quitter(App):
    async def on_load(self, event):
        await self.bind("q", "quit")
 Quitter.run()
 ```
 If you run this you will get a blank terminal which will return to the prompt when you press Q.
 Binding is done in the Load event handler. The `bind` method takes the key (in this case "q") and binds it to an action ("quit"). The quit action is built in to Textual and simply exits the app.
 To define your own actions, add a method that begins with `action_`, which may take parameters. Let's create a simple action that changes the color of the terminal and binds keys to it:
 ```python
 from textual.app import App
 class Colorizer(App):
    async def on_load(self, event):
        await self.bind("r", "color('red')")
        await self.bind("g", "color('green')")
        await self.bind("b", "color('blue')")
    async def action_color(self, color:str) -> None:
        self.background = f"on {color}"
 Colorizer.run()
 ```
 If you run this app you can hit the keys R, G, or B to change the color of the background.
 In the `on_load` method we have bound the keys R, G, and B to the `color` action with a single parameter. When you press any of these three keys Textual will call the method `action_color` with the appropriate parameter.
 You could be forgiven for thinking that `"color('red')"` is Python code which Textual evaluates. This is not the case. The action strings are parsed and may not include expressions or arbitrary code. The reason that strings are used over a callable is that (in a future update) key bindings may be loaded from a configuration file.
 ### More on Events
 _TODO_
 ### Watchers
 _TODO_
 ### Animation
 _TODO_
 ### Timers and Intervals
 Textual has a `set_timer` and a `set_interval` method which work much like their Javascript counterparts. The `set_timer` method will invoke a callable after a given period of time, and `set_interval` will invoke a callable repeatedly. Unlike Javascript these methods expect the time to be in seconds (_not_ milliseconds).
 Let's create a simple terminal based clock with the `set_interval` method:
 ```python
 from datetime import datetime
 from rich.align import Align
 from textual.app import App
 from textual.widget import Widget
 class Clock(Widget):
    def on_mount(self):
        self.set_interval(1, self.refresh)
    def render(self):
        time = datetime.now().strftime("%c")
        return Align.center(time, vertical="middle")
 class ClockApp(App):
    async def on_mount(self):
        await self.view.dock(Clock())
 ClockApp.run()
 ```
 If you run this app you will see the current time in the center of the terminal until you hit Ctrl+C.
 The Clock widget displays the time using [rich.align.Align](https://rich.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/align.html) to position it in the center. In the clock's Mount handler there is the following call to `set_interval`:
 ```python
 self.set_interval(1, self.refresh)
 ```
 This tells Textual to call a function (in this case `self.refresh` which updates the widget) once a second. When a widget is refreshed it calls `Clock.render` again to display the latest time.
 ## Developer Video Log
 Since Textual is a visual medium, I'll be documenting new features and milestones here.
 ### Update 1 - Basic scrolling
 [![Textual update 1](https://yt-embed.herokuapp.com/embed?v=zNW7U36GHlU&img=0)](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNW7U36GHlU)
 ### Update 2 - Keyboard toggle
 [![Textual update 2](https://yt-embed.herokuapp.com/embed?v=bTYeFOVNXDI&img=0)](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTYeFOVNXDI)
 ### Update 3 - New scrollbars and smooth scrolling
 [![Textual update 3](https://yt-embed.herokuapp.com/embed?v=4LVl3ClrXIs&img=0)](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LVl3ClrXIs)
 ### Update 4 - Animation system with easing function
 Now with a system to animate changes to values, going from the initial to the final value in small increments over time . Here applied to the scroll position. The animation system supports CSS like _easing functions_. You may be able to tell from the video that the page up / down keys cause the window to first speed up and then slow down.
 [![Textual update 4](https://yt-embed.herokuapp.com/embed?v=k2VwOp1YbSk&img=0)](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2VwOp1YbSk)
 ### Update 5 - New Layout system
 A new update system allows for overlapping layers. Animation is now synchronized with the display which makes it very smooth!
 [![Textual update 5](https://yt-embed.herokuapp.com/embed?v=XxRnfx2WYRw&img=0)](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxRnfx2WYRw)
 ### Update 6 - New Layout API
 New version (0.1.4) with API updates and the new layout system.
 [![Textual update 6](https://yt-embed.herokuapp.com/embed?v=jddccDuVd3E&img=0)](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jddccDuVd3E)
 ### Update 7 - New Grid Layout
 **11 July 2021**
 Added a new layout system modelled on CSS grid. The example demonstrates how once created a grid will adapt to the available space.
 [![Textual update 7](https://yt-embed.herokuapp.com/embed?v=Zh9CEvu73jc&img=0)](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zh9CEvu73jc)
 ## Update 8 - Tree control and scroll views
 **6 Aug 2021**
 Added a tree control and refactored the renderer to allow for widgets within a scrollable view
 [![Textual update 8](https://yt-embed.herokuapp.com/embed?v=J-dzzD6NQJ4&img=0)](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-dzzD6NQJ4)
--- a/docs.md
+++ b/docs.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
 # Documentation Workflow
 * Ensure you're inside a *Python 3.10+* virtual environment
 * Run the live-reload server using `mkdocs serve` from the project root
 * Create new pages by adding new directories and Markdown files inside `docs/*`
 ## Commands
 - `mkdocs serve` - Start the live-reloading docs server.
 - `mkdocs build` - Build the documentation site.
 - `mkdocs -h` - Print help message and exit.
 ## Project layout
    mkdocs.yml    # The configuration file.
    docs/
        index.md  # The documentation homepage.
        ...       # Other markdown pages, images and other files.
--- a/docs/CNAME
+++ b/docs/CNAME
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 textual.textualize.io
--- a/docs/custom_theme/main.html
+++ b/docs/custom_theme/main.html
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
 {% extends "base.html" %}
 {% block extrahead %}
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/firacode/6.2.0/fira_code.min.css" integrity="sha512-MbysAYimH1hH2xYzkkMHB6MqxBqfP0megxsCLknbYqHVwXTCg9IqHbk+ZP/vnhO8UEW6PaXAkKe2vQ+SWACxxA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" />
 <!-- Fathom - beautiful, simple website analytics -->
 <script src="https://cdn.usefathom.com/script.js" data-site="TAUKXRLQ" defer></script>
 <!-- / Fathom -->
 {% endblock %}
--- a/docs/events/blur.md
+++ b/docs/events/blur.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 # Blur
 The `Blur` event is sent to a widget when it loses focus.
 - [ ] Bubbles
 - [ ] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 _No other attributes_
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.Blur
--- a/docs/events/click.md
+++ b/docs/events/click.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
 # Click
 The `Click` event is sent to a widget when the user clicks a mouse button.
 - [x] Bubbles
 - [ ] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 | attribute  | type | purpose                                   |
 |------------|------|-------------------------------------------|
 | `x`        | int  | Mouse x coordinate, relative to Widget    |
 | `y`        | int  | Mouse y coordinate, relative to Widget    |
 | `delta_x`  | int  | Change in x since last mouse event        |
 | `delta_y`  | int  | Change in y since last mouse event        |
 | `button`   | int  | Index of mouse button                     |
 | `shift`    | bool | Shift key pressed if True                 |
 | `meta`     | bool | Meta key pressed if True                  |
 | `ctrl`     | bool | Ctrl key pressed if True                  |
 | `screen_x` | int  | Mouse x coordinate relative to the screen |
 | `screen_y` | int  | Mouse y coordinate relative to the screen |
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.Click
--- a/docs/events/descendant_blur.md
+++ b/docs/events/descendant_blur.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 # DescendantBlur
 The `DescendantBlur` event is sent to a widget when one of its children loses focus.
 - [x] Bubbles
 - [x] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 _No other attributes_
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.DescendantBlur
--- a/docs/events/descendant_focus.md
+++ b/docs/events/descendant_focus.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 # DescendantFocus
 The `DescendantFocus` event is sent to a widget when one of its descendants receives focus.
 - [x] Bubbles
 - [x] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 _No other attributes_
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.DescendantFocus
--- a/docs/events/enter.md
+++ b/docs/events/enter.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 # Enter
 The `Enter` event is sent to a widget when the mouse pointer first moves over a widget.
 - [ ] Bubbles
 - [x] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 _No other attributes_
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.Enter
--- a/docs/events/focus.md
+++ b/docs/events/focus.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 # Focus
 The `Focus` event is sent to a widget when it receives input focus.
 - [ ] Bubbles
 - [ ] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 _No other attributes_
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.Focus
--- a/docs/events/hide.md
+++ b/docs/events/hide.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 # Hide
 The `Hide` event is sent to a widget when it is hidden from view.
 - [ ] Bubbles
 - [ ] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 _No additional attributes_
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.Hide
--- a/docs/events/index.md
+++ b/docs/events/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
 # Events
 A reference to Textual [events](../guide/events.md).
--- a/docs/events/key.md
+++ b/docs/events/key.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
 # Key
 The `Key` event is sent to a widget when the user presses a key on the keyboard.
 - [x] Bubbles
 - [ ] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 | attribute | type        | purpose                                                     |
 | --------- | ----------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
 | `key`     | str         | Name of the key that was pressed.                           |
 | `char`    | str or None | The character that was pressed, or None it isn't printable. |
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.Key
--- a/docs/events/leave.md
+++ b/docs/events/leave.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 # Leave
 The `Leave` event is sent to a widget when the mouse pointer moves off a widget.
 - [ ] Bubbles
 - [x] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 _No other attributes_
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.Leave
--- a/docs/events/load.md
+++ b/docs/events/load.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
 # Load
 The `Load` event is sent to the app prior to switching the terminal to application mode.
 The load event is typically used to do any setup actions required by the app that don't change the display.
 - [ ] Bubbles
 - [ ] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 _No additional attributes_
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.Load
--- a/docs/events/mount.md
+++ b/docs/events/mount.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
 # Mount
 The `Mount` event is sent to a widget and Application when it is first mounted.
 The mount event is typically used to set the initial state of a widget or to add new children widgets.
 - [ ] Bubbles
 - [x] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 _No additional attributes_
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.Mount
--- a/docs/events/mouse_capture.md
+++ b/docs/events/mouse_capture.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
 # MouseCapture
 The `MouseCapture` event is sent to a widget when it is capturing mouse events from outside of its borders on the screen.
 - [ ] Bubbles
 - [ ] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 | attribute        | type   | purpose                                       |
 | ---------------- | ------ | --------------------------------------------- |
 | `mouse_position` | Offset | Mouse coordinates when the mouse was captured |
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.MouseCapture
--- a/docs/events/mouse_down.md
+++ b/docs/events/mouse_down.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
 # MouseDown
 The `MouseDown` event is sent to a widget when a mouse button is pressed.
 - [x] Bubbles
 - [x] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 | attribute  | type | purpose                                   |
 | ---------- | ---- | ----------------------------------------- |
 | `x`        | int  | Mouse x coordinate, relative to Widget    |
 | `y`        | int  | Mouse y coordinate, relative to Widget    |
 | `delta_x`  | int  | Change in x since last mouse event        |
 | `delta_y`  | int  | Change in y since last mouse event        |
 | `button`   | int  | Index of mouse button                     |
 | `shift`    | bool | Shift key pressed if True                 |
 | `meta`     | bool | Meta key pressed if True                  |
 | `ctrl`     | bool | Ctrl key pressed if True                  |
 | `screen_x` | int  | Mouse x coordinate relative to the screen |
 | `screen_y` | int  | Mouse y coordinate relative to the screen |
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.MouseDown
--- a/docs/events/mouse_move.md
+++ b/docs/events/mouse_move.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
 # MouseMove
 The `MouseMove` event is sent to a widget when the mouse pointer is moved over a widget.
 - [ ] Bubbles
 - [x] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 | attribute  | type | purpose                                   |
 |------------|------|-------------------------------------------|
 | `x`        | int  | Mouse x coordinate, relative to Widget    |
 | `y`        | int  | Mouse y coordinate, relative to Widget    |
 | `delta_x`  | int  | Change in x since last mouse event        |
 | `delta_y`  | int  | Change in y since last mouse event        |
 | `button`   | int  | Index of mouse button                     |
 | `shift`    | bool | Shift key pressed if True                 |
 | `meta`     | bool | Meta key pressed if True                  |
 | `ctrl`     | bool | Ctrl key pressed if True                  |
 | `screen_x` | int  | Mouse x coordinate relative to the screen |
 | `screen_y` | int  | Mouse y coordinate relative to the screen |
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.MouseMove
--- a/docs/events/mouse_release.md
+++ b/docs/events/mouse_release.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
 # MouseRelease
 The `MouseRelease` event is sent to a widget when it is no longer receiving mouse events outside of its borders.
 - [ ] Bubbles
 - [ ] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 | attribute        | type   | purpose                                       |
 |------------------|--------|-----------------------------------------------|
 | `mouse_position` | Offset | Mouse coordinates when the mouse was released |
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.MouseRelease
--- a/docs/events/mouse_scroll_down.md
+++ b/docs/events/mouse_scroll_down.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
 # MouseScrollDown
 The `MouseScrollDown` event is sent to a widget when the scroll wheel (or trackpad equivalent) is moved _down_.
 - [x] Bubbles
 - [x] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 | attribute | type | purpose                                |
 |-----------|------|----------------------------------------|
 | `x`       | int  | Mouse x coordinate, relative to Widget |
 | `y`       | int  | Mouse y coordinate, relative to Widget |
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.MouseScrollDown
--- a/docs/events/mouse_scroll_up.md
+++ b/docs/events/mouse_scroll_up.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
 # MouseScrollUp
 The `MouseScrollUp` event is sent to a widget when the scroll wheel (or trackpad equivalent) is moved _up_.
 - [x] Bubbles
 - [x] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 | attribute | type | purpose                                |
 |-----------|------|----------------------------------------|
 | `x`       | int  | Mouse x coordinate, relative to Widget |
 | `y`       | int  | Mouse y coordinate, relative to Widget |
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.MouseScrollUp
--- a/docs/events/mouse_up.md
+++ b/docs/events/mouse_up.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
 # MouseUp
 The `MouseUp` event is sent to a widget when the user releases a mouse button.
 - [x] Bubbles
 - [x] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 | attribute  | type | purpose                                   |
 |------------|------|-------------------------------------------|
 | `x`        | int  | Mouse x coordinate, relative to Widget    |
 | `y`        | int  | Mouse y coordinate, relative to Widget    |
 | `delta_x`  | int  | Change in x since last mouse event        |
 | `delta_y`  | int  | Change in y since last mouse event        |
 | `button`   | int  | Index of mouse button                     |
 | `shift`    | bool | Shift key pressed if True                 |
 | `meta`     | bool | Meta key pressed if True                  |
 | `ctrl`     | bool | Ctrl key pressed if True                  |
 | `screen_x` | int  | Mouse x coordinate relative to the screen |
 | `screen_y` | int  | Mouse y coordinate relative to the screen |
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.MouseUp
--- a/docs/events/paste.md
+++ b/docs/events/paste.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
 # Paste
 The `Paste` event is sent to a widget when the user pastes text.
 - [ ] Bubbles
 - [ ] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 | attribute | type | purpose                  |
 |-----------|------|--------------------------|
 | `text`    | str  | The text that was pasted |
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.Paste
--- a/docs/events/resize.md
+++ b/docs/events/resize.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
 # Resize
 The `Resize` event is sent to a widget when its size changes and when it is first made visible.
 - [x] Bubbles
 - [ ] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 | attribute        | type | purpose                                          |
 |------------------|------|--------------------------------------------------|
 | `size`           | Size | The new size of the Widget                       |
 | `virtual_size`   | Size | The virtual size (scrollable area) of the Widget |
 | `container_size` | Size | The size of the container (parent widget)        |
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.Resize
--- a/docs/events/screen_resume.md
+++ b/docs/events/screen_resume.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 # ScreenResume
 The `ScreenResume` event is sent to a **Screen** when it becomes current.
 - [ ] Bubbles
 - [ ] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 _No other attributes_
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.ScreenResume
--- a/docs/events/screen_suspend.md
+++ b/docs/events/screen_suspend.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 # ScreenSuspend
 The `ScreenSuspend` event is sent to a **Screen** when it is replaced by another screen.
 - [ ] Bubbles
 - [ ] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 _No other attributes_
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.ScreenSuspend
--- a/docs/events/show.md
+++ b/docs/events/show.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 # Show
 The `Show` event is sent to a widget when it becomes visible.
 - [ ] Bubbles
 - [ ] Verbose
 ## Attributes
 _No additional attributes_
 ## Code
 ::: textual.events.Show
--- a/docs/examples/actions/colorizer.py
+++ b/docs/examples/actions/colorizer.py
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
 from textual.app import App
 class Colorizer(App):
    async def on_load(self):
        await self.bind("r", "color('red')")
        await self.bind("g", "color('green')")
        await self.bind("b", "color('blue')")
    def action_color(self, color: str) -> None:
        self.background = f"on {color}"
 Colorizer.run()
--- a/docs/examples/actions/quiter.py
+++ b/docs/examples/actions/quiter.py
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
 from textual.app import App
 class Quiter(App):
    async def on_load(self):
        await self.bind("q", "quit")
 Quiter.run()
--- a/docs/examples/app/event01.py
+++ b/docs/examples/app/event01.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
 from textual.app import App
 from textual import events
 class EventApp(App):
    COLORS = [
        "white",
        "maroon",
        "red",
        "purple",
        "fuchsia",
        "olive",
        "yellow",
        "navy",
        "teal",
        "aqua",
    ]
    def on_mount(self) -> None:
        self.screen.styles.background = "darkblue"
    def on_key(self, event: events.Key) -> None:
        if event.key.isdecimal():
            self.screen.styles.background = self.COLORS[int(event.key)]
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = EventApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/app/question01.py
+++ b/docs/examples/app/question01.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static, Button
 class QuestionApp(App[str]):
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static("Do you love Textual?")
        yield Button("Yes", id="yes", variant="primary")
        yield Button("No", id="no", variant="error")
    def on_button_pressed(self, event: Button.Pressed) -> None:
        self.exit(event.button.id)
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QuestionApp()
    reply = app.run()
    print(reply)
--- a/docs/examples/app/question02.css
+++ b/docs/examples/app/question02.css
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
 Screen {
    layout: grid;
    grid-size: 2;
    grid-gutter: 2; 
    padding: 2;   
 }
 #question {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    column-span: 2;
    content-align: center bottom;
    text-style: bold;
 } 
 Button {
    width: 100%;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/app/question02.py
+++ b/docs/examples/app/question02.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static, Button
 class QuestionApp(App[str]):
    CSS_PATH = "question02.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static("Do you love Textual?", id="question")
        yield Button("Yes", id="yes", variant="primary")
        yield Button("No", id="no", variant="error")
    def on_button_pressed(self, event: Button.Pressed) -> None:
        self.exit(event.button.id)
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QuestionApp()
    reply = app.run()
    print(reply)
--- a/docs/examples/app/question03.py
+++ b/docs/examples/app/question03.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static, Button
 class QuestionApp(App[str]):
    CSS = """
    Screen {
        layout: grid;
        grid-size: 2;
        grid-gutter: 2; 
        padding: 2;   
    }
    #question {
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        column-span: 2;
        content-align: center bottom;
        text-style: bold;
    } 
    Button {
        width: 100%;
    }
    """
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static("Do you love Textual?", id="question")
        yield Button("Yes", id="yes", variant="primary")
        yield Button("No", id="no", variant="error")
    def on_button_pressed(self, event: Button.Pressed) -> None:
        self.exit(event.button.id)
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QuestionApp()
    reply = app.run()
    print(reply)
--- a/docs/examples/app/simple01.py
+++ b/docs/examples/app/simple01.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
 from textual.app import App
 class MyApp(App):
    pass
--- a/docs/examples/app/simple02.py
+++ b/docs/examples/app/simple02.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 from textual.app import App
 class MyApp(App):
    pass
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = MyApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/app/widgets01.py
+++ b/docs/examples/app/widgets01.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Welcome
 class WelcomeApp(App):
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Welcome()
    def on_button_pressed(self) -> None:
        self.exit()
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = WelcomeApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/app/widgets02.py
+++ b/docs/examples/app/widgets02.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
 from textual.app import App
 from textual.widgets import Welcome
 class WelcomeApp(App):
    def on_key(self) -> None:
        self.mount(Welcome())
    def on_button_pressed(self) -> None:
        self.exit()
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = WelcomeApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/events/custom01.py
+++ b/docs/examples/events/custom01.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.color import Color
 from textual.message import Message, MessageTarget
 from textual.widgets import Static
 class ColorButton(Static):
    """A color button."""
    class Selected(Message):
        """Color selected message."""
        def __init__(self, sender: MessageTarget, color: Color) -> None:
            self.color = color
            super().__init__(sender)
    def __init__(self, color: Color) -> None:
        self.color = color
        super().__init__()
    def on_mount(self) -> None:
        self.styles.margin = (1, 2)
        self.styles.content_align = ("center", "middle")
        self.styles.background = Color.parse("#ffffff33")
        self.styles.border = ("tall", self.color)
    async def on_click(self) -> None:
        # The emit method sends an event to a widget's parent
        await self.emit(self.Selected(self, self.color))
    def render(self) -> str:
        return str(self.color)
 class ColorApp(App):
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield ColorButton(Color.parse("#008080"))
        yield ColorButton(Color.parse("#808000"))
        yield ColorButton(Color.parse("#E9967A"))
        yield ColorButton(Color.parse("#121212"))
    def on_color_button_selected(self, message: ColorButton.Selected) -> None:
        self.screen.styles.animate("background", message.color, duration=0.5)
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = ColorApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/events/dictionary.css
+++ b/docs/examples/events/dictionary.css
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
 Screen {
    background: $panel;
 }
 Input {
    dock: top;    
    width: 100%;
    height: 1;
    padding: 0 1;
    margin: 1 1 0 1;    
 }
 #results {
    width: auto;   
    min-height: 100%;
 }
 #results-container {
    background: $background 50%;
    overflow: auto;    
    margin: 1 2;    
    height: 100%;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/events/dictionary.py
+++ b/docs/examples/events/dictionary.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
 import asyncio
 try:
    import httpx
 except ImportError:
    raise ImportError("Please install httpx with 'pip install httpx' ")
 from rich.json import JSON
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.containers import Vertical
 from textual.widgets import Static, Input
 class DictionaryApp(App):
    """Searches ab dictionary API as-you-type."""
    CSS_PATH = "dictionary.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Input(placeholder="Search for a word")
        yield Vertical(Static(id="results"), id="results-container")
    async def on_input_changed(self, message: Input.Changed) -> None:
        """A coroutine to handle a text changed message."""
        if message.value:
            # Look up the word in the background
            asyncio.create_task(self.lookup_word(message.value))
        else:
            # Clear the results
            self.query_one("#results", Static).update()
    async def lookup_word(self, word: str) -> None:
        """Looks up a word."""
        url = f"https://api.dictionaryapi.dev/api/v2/entries/en/{word}"
        async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
            results = (await client.get(url)).text
        if word == self.query_one(Input).value:
            self.query_one("#results", Static).update(JSON(results))
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = DictionaryApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/getting_started/console.py
+++ b/docs/examples/getting_started/console.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
 """
 Simulates a screenshot of the Textual devtools
 """
 from textual.app import App
 from textual.devtools.renderables import DevConsoleHeader
 from textual.widgets import Static
 class ConsoleApp(App):
    def compose(self):
        self.dark = True
        yield Static(DevConsoleHeader())
 app = ConsoleApp()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/actions/actions01.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/actions/actions01.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
 from textual.app import App
 from textual import events
 class ActionsApp(App):
    def action_set_background(self, color: str) -> None:
        self.screen.styles.background = color
    def on_key(self, event: events.Key) -> None:
        if event.key == "r":
            self.action_set_background("red")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = ActionsApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/actions/actions02.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/actions/actions02.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
 from textual.app import App
 from textual import events
 class ActionsApp(App):
    def action_set_background(self, color: str) -> None:
        self.screen.styles.background = color
    async def on_key(self, event: events.Key) -> None:
        if event.key == "r":
            await self.action("set_background('red')")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = ActionsApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/actions/actions03.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/actions/actions03.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 TEXT = """
 [b]Set your background[/b]
 [@click=set_background('red')]Red[/]
 [@click=set_background('green')]Green[/]
 [@click=set_background('blue')]Blue[/]
 """
 class ActionsApp(App):
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static(TEXT)
    def action_set_background(self, color: str) -> None:
        self.screen.styles.background = color
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = ActionsApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/actions/actions04.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/actions/actions04.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 TEXT = """
 [b]Set your background[/b]
 [@click=set_background('red')]Red[/]
 [@click=set_background('green')]Green[/]
 [@click=set_background('blue')]Blue[/]
 """
 class ActionsApp(App):
    BINDINGS = [
        ("r", "set_background('red')", "Red"),
        ("g", "set_background('green')", "Green"),
        ("b", "set_background('blue')", "Blue"),
    ]
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static(TEXT)
    def action_set_background(self, color: str) -> None:
        self.screen.styles.background = color
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = ActionsApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/actions/actions05.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/actions/actions05.css
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
 Screen {
    layout: grid;
    grid-size: 1;
    grid-gutter: 2 4;
    grid-rows: 1fr;
 }
 ColorSwitcher {
   height: 100%;
   margin: 2 4;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/actions/actions05.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/actions/actions05.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 TEXT = """
 [b]Set your background[/b]
 [@click=set_background('cyan')]Cyan[/]
 [@click=set_background('magenta')]Magenta[/]
 [@click=set_background('yellow')]Yellow[/]
 """
 class ColorSwitcher(Static):
    def action_set_background(self, color: str) -> None:
        self.styles.background = color
 class ActionsApp(App):
    CSS_PATH = "actions05.css"
    BINDINGS = [
        ("r", "set_background('red')", "Red"),
        ("g", "set_background('green')", "Green"),
        ("b", "set_background('blue')", "Blue"),
    ]
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield ColorSwitcher(TEXT)
        yield ColorSwitcher(TEXT)
    def action_set_background(self, color: str) -> None:
        self.screen.styles.background = color
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = ActionsApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/animator/animation01.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/animator/animation01.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 class AnimationApp(App):
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        self.box = Static("Hello, World!")
        self.box.styles.background = "red"
        self.box.styles.color = "black"
        self.box.styles.padding = (1, 2)
        yield self.box
    def on_mount(self):
        self.box.styles.animate("opacity", value=0.0, duration=2.0)
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = AnimationApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/animator/animation01_static.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/animator/animation01_static.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 class AnimationApp(App):
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        self.box = Static("Hello, World!")
        self.box.styles.background = "red"
        self.box.styles.color = "black"
        self.box.styles.padding = (1, 2)
        yield self.box
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = AnimationApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/dom1.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/dom1.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 from textual.app import App
 class ExampleApp(App):
    pass
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = ExampleApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/dom2.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/dom2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Header, Footer
 class ExampleApp(App):
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Header()
        yield Footer()
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = ExampleApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/dom3.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/dom3.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.containers import Container, Horizontal
 from textual.widgets import Button, Footer, Header, Static
 QUESTION = "Do you want to learn about Textual CSS?"
 class ExampleApp(App):
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Header()
        yield Footer()
        yield Container(
            Static(QUESTION, classes="question"),
            Horizontal(
                Button("Yes", variant="success"),
                Button("No", variant="error"),
                classes="buttons",
            ),
            id="dialog",
        )
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = ExampleApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/dom4.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/dom4.css
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
 /* The top level dialog (a Container) */
 #dialog {
    margin: 4 8;
    background: $panel;
    color: $text;
    border: tall $background;
    padding: 1 2;
 }
 /* The button class */
 Button {
    width: 1fr;
 }
 /* Matches the question text */
 .question {
    text-style: bold;
    height: 100%;
    content-align: center middle;
 }
 /* Matches the button container */
 .buttons {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    dock: bottom;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/dom4.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/dom4.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.containers import Container, Horizontal
 from textual.widgets import Header, Footer, Static, Button
 QUESTION = "Do you want to learn about Textual CSS?"
 class ExampleApp(App):
    CSS_PATH = "dom4.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Header()
        yield Footer()
        yield Container(
            Static(QUESTION, classes="question"),
            Horizontal(
                Button("Yes", variant="success"),
                Button("No", variant="error"),
                classes="buttons",
            ),
            id="dialog",
        )
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = ExampleApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/input/binding01.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/input/binding01.css
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
 Bar {
    height: 5;    
    content-align: center middle;
    text-style: bold;
    margin: 1 2;
    color: $text;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/input/binding01.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/input/binding01.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.color import Color
 from textual.widgets import Footer, Static
 class Bar(Static):
    pass
 class BindingApp(App):
    CSS_PATH = "binding01.css"
    BINDINGS = [
        ("r", "add_bar('red')", "Add Red"),
        ("g", "add_bar('green')", "Add Green"),
        ("b", "add_bar('blue')", "Add Blue"),
    ]
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Footer()
    def action_add_bar(self, color: str) -> None:
        bar = Bar(color)
        bar.styles.background = Color.parse(color).with_alpha(0.5)
        self.mount(bar)
        self.call_later(self.screen.scroll_end, animate=False)
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = BindingApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/input/key01.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/input/key01.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import TextLog
 from textual import events
 class InputApp(App):
    """App to display key events."""
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield TextLog()
    def on_key(self, event: events.Key) -> None:
        self.query_one(TextLog).write(event)
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = InputApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/input/key02.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/input/key02.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import TextLog
 from textual import events
 class InputApp(App):
    """App to display key events."""
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield TextLog()
    def on_key(self, event: events.Key) -> None:
        self.query_one(TextLog).write(event)
    def key_space(self) -> None:
        self.bell()
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = InputApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/input/key03.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/input/key03.css
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
 Screen {
    layout: grid;
    grid-size: 2 2;
    grid-columns: 1fr;
 }
 KeyLogger {  
    border: blank;
 }
 KeyLogger:hover {
    border: wide $secondary;
 }
 KeyLogger:focus {
    border: wide $accent;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/input/key03.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/input/key03.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import TextLog
 from textual import events
 class KeyLogger(TextLog):
    def on_key(self, event: events.Key) -> None:
        self.write(event)
 class InputApp(App):
    """App to display key events."""
    CSS_PATH = "key03.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield KeyLogger()
        yield KeyLogger()
        yield KeyLogger()
        yield KeyLogger()
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = InputApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/input/mouse01.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/input/mouse01.css
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
 Screen {
    layers: log ball;
 }
 TextLog {
    layer: log;
 }
 PlayArea { 
    background: transparent;
    layer: ball;
 }
 Ball {
    layer: ball;
    width: auto;
    height: 1;
    background: $secondary;
    border: tall $secondary;    
    color: $background;
    box-sizing: content-box;
    text-style: bold;
    padding: 0 4;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/input/mouse01.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/input/mouse01.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
 from textual import events
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.containers import Container
 from textual.widgets import Static, TextLog
 class PlayArea(Container):
    def on_mount(self) -> None:
        self.capture_mouse()
    def on_mouse_move(self, event: events.MouseMove) -> None:
        self.screen.query_one(TextLog).write(event)
        self.query_one(Ball).offset = event.offset - (8, 2)
 class Ball(Static):
    pass
 class MouseApp(App):
    CSS_PATH = "mouse01.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield TextLog()
        yield PlayArea(Ball("Textual"))
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = MouseApp()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/combining_layouts.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/combining_layouts.css
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
 #app-grid {
    layout: grid;
    grid-size: 2;  /* two columns */
    grid-columns: 1fr;
    grid-rows: 1fr;
 }
 #left-pane > Static {
    background: $boost;
    color: auto;
    margin-bottom: 1;
    padding: 1;
 }
 #left-pane {
    row-span: 2;
    background: $panel;
    border: dodgerblue;
 }
 #top-right {
    background: $panel;
    border: mediumvioletred;
 }
 #top-right > Static {
    width: auto;
    height: 100%;
    margin-right: 1;
    background: $boost;
 }
 #bottom-right {
    layout: grid;
    grid-size: 3;
    grid-columns: 1fr;
    grid-rows: 1fr;
    grid-gutter: 1;
    background: $panel;
    border: greenyellow;
 }
 #bottom-right-final {
    column-span: 2;
 }
 #bottom-right > Static {
    height: 100%;
    background: $boost;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/combining_layouts.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/combining_layouts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
 from textual.containers import Container, Horizontal, Vertical
 from textual.app import ComposeResult, App
 from textual.widgets import Static, Header
 class CombiningLayoutsExample(App):
    CSS_PATH = "combining_layouts.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Header()
        yield Container(
            Vertical(
                *[Static(f"Vertical layout, child {number}") for number in range(15)],
                id="left-pane",
            ),
            Horizontal(
                Static("Horizontally"),
                Static("Positioned"),
                Static("Children"),
                Static("Here"),
                id="top-right",
            ),
            Container(
                Static("This"),
                Static("panel"),
                Static("is"),
                Static("using"),
                Static("grid layout!", id="bottom-right-final"),
                id="bottom-right",
            ),
            id="app-grid",
        )
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = CombiningLayoutsExample()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/dock_layout1_sidebar.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/dock_layout1_sidebar.css
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
 #sidebar {
    dock: left;
    width: 15;
    height: 100%;
    color: #0f2b41;
    background: dodgerblue;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/dock_layout1_sidebar.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/dock_layout1_sidebar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 TEXT = """\
 Docking a widget removes it from the layout and fixes its position, aligned to either the top, right, bottom, or left edges of a container.
 Docked widgets will not scroll out of view, making them ideal for sticky headers, footers, and sidebars.
 """
 class DockLayoutExample(App):
    CSS_PATH = "dock_layout1_sidebar.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static("Sidebar", id="sidebar")
        yield Static(TEXT * 10, id="body")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = DockLayoutExample()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/dock_layout2_sidebar.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/dock_layout2_sidebar.css
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 #another-sidebar {
    dock: left;
    width: 30;
    height: 100%;
    background: deeppink;
 }
 #sidebar {
    dock: left;
    width: 15;
    height: 100%;
    color: #0f2b41;
    background: dodgerblue;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/dock_layout2_sidebar.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/dock_layout2_sidebar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 TEXT = """\
 Docking a widget removes it from the layout and fixes its position, aligned to either the top, right, bottom, or left edges of a container.
 Docked widgets will not scroll out of view, making them ideal for sticky headers, footers, and sidebars.
 """
 class DockLayoutExample(App):
    CSS_PATH = "dock_layout2_sidebar.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static("Sidebar2", id="another-sidebar")
        yield Static("Sidebar1", id="sidebar")
        yield Static(TEXT * 10, id="body")
 app = DockLayoutExample()
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/dock_layout3_sidebar_header.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/dock_layout3_sidebar_header.css
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
 #sidebar {
    dock: left;
    width: 15;
    height: 100%;
    color: #0f2b41;
    background: dodgerblue;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/dock_layout3_sidebar_header.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/dock_layout3_sidebar_header.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static, Header
 TEXT = """\
 Docking a widget removes it from the layout and fixes its position, aligned to either the top, right, bottom, or left edges of a container.
 Docked widgets will not scroll out of view, making them ideal for sticky headers, footers, and sidebars.
 """
 class DockLayoutExample(App):
    CSS_PATH = "dock_layout3_sidebar_header.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Header(id="header")
        yield Static("Sidebar1", id="sidebar")
        yield Static(TEXT * 10, id="body")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = DockLayoutExample()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout1.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout1.css
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 Screen {
    layout: grid;
    grid-size: 3 2;
 }
 .box {
    height: 100%;
    border: solid green;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout1.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout1.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 class GridLayoutExample(App):
    CSS_PATH = "grid_layout1.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static("One", classes="box")
        yield Static("Two", classes="box")
        yield Static("Three", classes="box")
        yield Static("Four", classes="box")
        yield Static("Five", classes="box")
        yield Static("Six", classes="box")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = GridLayoutExample()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout2.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout2.css
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 Screen {
    layout: grid;
    grid-size: 3;
 }
 .box {
    height: 100%;
    border: solid green;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout2.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 class GridLayoutExample(App):
    CSS_PATH = "grid_layout2.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static("One", classes="box")
        yield Static("Two", classes="box")
        yield Static("Three", classes="box")
        yield Static("Four", classes="box")
        yield Static("Five", classes="box")
        yield Static("Six", classes="box")
        yield Static("Seven", classes="box")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = GridLayoutExample()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout3_row_col_adjust.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout3_row_col_adjust.css
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 Screen {
    layout: grid;
    grid-size: 3;
    grid-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr;
 }
 .box {
    height: 100%;
    border: solid green;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout3_row_col_adjust.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout3_row_col_adjust.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 class GridLayoutExample(App):
    CSS_PATH = "grid_layout3_row_col_adjust.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static("One", classes="box")
        yield Static("Two", classes="box")
        yield Static("Three", classes="box")
        yield Static("Four", classes="box")
        yield Static("Five", classes="box")
        yield Static("Six", classes="box")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = GridLayoutExample()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout4_row_col_adjust.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout4_row_col_adjust.css
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
 Screen {
    layout: grid;
    grid-size: 3;
    grid-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr;
    grid-rows: 25% 75%;
 }
 .box {
    height: 100%;
    border: solid green;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout4_row_col_adjust.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout4_row_col_adjust.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 class GridLayoutExample(App):
    CSS_PATH = "grid_layout4_row_col_adjust.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static("One", classes="box")
        yield Static("Two", classes="box")
        yield Static("Three", classes="box")
        yield Static("Four", classes="box")
        yield Static("Five", classes="box")
        yield Static("Six", classes="box")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = GridLayoutExample()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout5_col_span.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout5_col_span.css
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 Screen {
    layout: grid;
    grid-size: 3;
 }
 #two {
    column-span: 2;
    tint: magenta 40%;
 }
 .box {
    height: 100%;
    border: solid green;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout5_col_span.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout5_col_span.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 class GridLayoutExample(App):
    CSS_PATH = "grid_layout5_col_span.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static("One", classes="box")
        yield Static("Two [b](column-span: 2)", classes="box", id="two")
        yield Static("Three", classes="box")
        yield Static("Four", classes="box")
        yield Static("Five", classes="box")
        yield Static("Six", classes="box")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = GridLayoutExample()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout6_row_span.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout6_row_span.css
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
 Screen {
    layout: grid;
    grid-size: 3;
 }
 #two {
    column-span: 2;
    row-span: 2;
    tint: magenta 40%;
 }
 .box {
    height: 100%;
    border: solid green;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout6_row_span.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout6_row_span.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 class GridLayoutExample(App):
    CSS_PATH = "grid_layout6_row_span.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static("One", classes="box")
        yield Static("Two [b](column-span: 2 and row-span: 2)", classes="box", id="two")
        yield Static("Three", classes="box")
        yield Static("Four", classes="box")
        yield Static("Five", classes="box")
        yield Static("Six", classes="box")
 app = GridLayoutExample()
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout7_gutter.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout7_gutter.css
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
 Screen {
    layout: grid;
    grid-size: 3;
    grid-gutter: 1;
    background: lightgreen;
 }
 .box {
    background: darkmagenta;
    height: 100%;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout7_gutter.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/grid_layout7_gutter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 class GridLayoutExample(App):
    CSS_PATH = "grid_layout7_gutter.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static("One", classes="box")
        yield Static("Two", classes="box")
        yield Static("Three", classes="box")
        yield Static("Four", classes="box")
        yield Static("Five", classes="box")
        yield Static("Six", classes="box")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = GridLayoutExample()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/horizontal_layout.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/horizontal_layout.css
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 Screen {
    layout: horizontal;
 }
 .box {
    height: 100%;
    width: 1fr;
    border: solid green;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/horizontal_layout.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/horizontal_layout.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 class HorizontalLayoutExample(App):
    CSS_PATH = "horizontal_layout.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static("One", classes="box")
        yield Static("Two", classes="box")
        yield Static("Three", classes="box")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = HorizontalLayoutExample()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/horizontal_layout_overflow.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/horizontal_layout_overflow.css
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 Screen {
    layout: horizontal;
    overflow-x: auto;
 }
 .box {
    height: 100%;
    border: solid green;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/horizontal_layout_overflow.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/horizontal_layout_overflow.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 class HorizontalLayoutExample(App):
    CSS_PATH = "horizontal_layout_overflow.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static("One", classes="box")
        yield Static("Two", classes="box")
        yield Static("Three", classes="box")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = HorizontalLayoutExample()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/layers.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/layers.css
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
 Screen {
    align: center middle;
    layers: below above;
 }
 Static {
    width: 28;
    height: 8;
    color: auto;
    content-align: center middle;
 }
 #box1 {
    background: darkcyan;
    layer: above;
 }
 #box2 {
    layer: below;
    background: orange;
    offset: 12 6;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/layers.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/layers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.widgets import Static
 class LayersExample(App):
    CSS_PATH = "layers.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Static("box1 (layer = above)", id="box1")
        yield Static("box2 (layer = below)", id="box2")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = LayersExample()
    app.run()
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/utility_containers.css
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/utility_containers.css
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 Static {
    content-align: center middle;
    background: crimson;
    border: solid darkred;
    height: 1fr;
 }
 .column {
    width: 1fr;
 }
--- a/docs/examples/guide/layout/utility_containers.py
+++ b/docs/examples/guide/layout/utility_containers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
 from textual.app import App, ComposeResult
 from textual.containers import Horizontal, Vertical
 from textual.widgets import Static
 class UtilityContainersExample(App):
    CSS_PATH = "utility_containers.css"
    def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
        yield Horizontal(
            Vertical(
                Static("One"),
                Static("Two"),
                classes="column",
            ),
            Vertical(
                Static("Three"),
                Static("Four"),
                classes="column",
            ),
        )
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = UtilityContainersExample()
    app.run()
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
`@@ -1,3 +1 @@`
	`# These are supported funding model platforms`	`# These are supported funding model platforms`

	`ko_fi: textualize`
		`@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@`
							`# Events`

							`A reference to Textual [events](../guide/events.md).`