diff --git a/sandbox/uber.css b/sandbox/uber.css
index 80f234300..cc063fab8 100644
--- a/sandbox/uber.css
+++ b/sandbox/uber.css
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   layout: vertical;
 
   background: dark_green;
-  overflow: hidden auto;
+  overflow: auto auto;
   border: heavy white;
 }
 
@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@
   height: 8;
   min-width: 80;
   background: dark_blue;
+  margin-bottom: 4;
 }
diff --git a/sandbox/uber.py b/sandbox/uber.py
index 37fd74acb..931b5d1a5 100644
--- a/sandbox/uber.py
+++ b/sandbox/uber.py
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+import random
 import sys
 
 from textual import events
 from textual.app import App
+from textual.geometry import Spacing
 from textual.widget import Widget
 from textual.widgets import Placeholder
 
@@ -14,8 +16,13 @@ class BasicApp(App):
         self.bind("d", "dump")
         self.bind("t", "log_tree")
         self.bind("p", "print")
+        self.bind("o", "toggle_visibility")
+        self.bind("p", "toggle_display")
+        self.bind("f", "modify_first_child")
+        self.bind("b", "toggle_border")
+        self.bind("m", "increase_margin")
 
-    def on_mount(self):
+    async def on_mount(self):
         """Build layout here."""
 
         uber2 = Widget()
@@ -23,8 +30,9 @@ class BasicApp(App):
             Widget(id="uber2-child1"),
             Widget(id="uber2-child2"),
         )
+        self.first_child = Placeholder(id="child1", classes={"list-item"})
         uber1 = Widget(
-            Placeholder(id="child1", classes={"list-item"}),
+            self.first_child,
             Placeholder(id="child2", classes={"list-item"}),
             Placeholder(id="child3", classes={"list-item"}),
             Placeholder(classes={"list-item"}),
@@ -32,6 +40,7 @@ class BasicApp(App):
             Placeholder(classes={"list-item"}),
         )
         self.mount(uber1=uber1)
+        await self.first_child.focus()
 
     async def on_key(self, event: events.Key) -> None:
         await self.dispatch_key(event)
@@ -55,5 +64,31 @@ class BasicApp(App):
 
         sys.stdout.write("abcdef")
 
+    def action_modify_first_child(self):
+        """Increment height of first child widget, randomise border and bg color"""
+        previous_height = self.focused.styles.height.value
+        new_height = previous_height + 1
+        self.focused.styles.height = self.focused.styles.height.copy_with(
+            value=new_height
+        )
+        color = random.choice(["red", "green", "blue"])
+        self.focused.styles.background = color
+        self.focused.styles.border = ("dashed", color)
+
+    def action_toggle_visibility(self):
+        self.focused.visible = not self.focused.visible
+
+    def action_toggle_display(self):
+        # TODO: Doesn't work
+        self.focused.display = not self.focused.display
+
+    def action_toggle_border(self):
+        self.focused.styles.border = [("solid", "red"), ("solid", "white")]
+
+    def action_increase_margin(self):
+        old_margin = self.focused.styles.margin
+        new_margin = old_margin + Spacing.all(1)
+        self.focused.styles.margin = new_margin
+
 
 BasicApp.run(css_file="uber.css", log="textual.log", log_verbosity=1)
diff --git a/src/textual/app.py b/src/textual/app.py
index 3a63f37d6..a70ad8279 100644
--- a/src/textual/app.py
+++ b/src/textual/app.py
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ class App(DOMNode):
             await widget.post_message(events.MouseCapture(self, self.mouse_position))
 
     def panic(self, *renderables: RenderableType) -> None:
-        """Exits the app after displaying a message.
+        """Exits the app then displays a message.
 
         Args:
             *renderables (RenderableType, optional): Rich renderables to display on exit.
diff --git a/src/textual/css/_style_properties.py b/src/textual/css/_style_properties.py
index af4a9cdd7..c059d8cc8 100644
--- a/src/textual/css/_style_properties.py
+++ b/src/textual/css/_style_properties.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from typing import Iterable, NamedTuple, TYPE_CHECKING, cast
 import rich.repr
 from rich.style import Style
 
-from .. import log
 from ..color import Color, ColorPair
 from ._error_tools import friendly_list
 from .constants import NULL_SPACING
@@ -34,10 +33,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from ..layout import Layout
     from .styles import DockGroup, Styles, StylesBase
 
-
 from .types import EdgeType
 
-
 BorderDefinition = (
     "Sequence[tuple[EdgeType, str | Color] | None] | tuple[EdgeType, str | Color]"
 )
@@ -71,13 +68,15 @@ class ScalarProperty:
         value = obj.get_rule(self.name)
         return value
 
-    def __set__(self, obj: StylesBase, value: float | Scalar | str | None) -> None:
+    def __set__(
+        self, obj: StylesBase, value: float | int | Scalar | str | None
+    ) -> None:
         """Set the scalar property
 
         Args:
             obj (Styles): The ``Styles`` object.
-            value (float | Scalar | str | None): The value to set the scalar property to.
-                You can directly pass a float value, which will be interpreted with
+            value (float | int | Scalar | str | None): The value to set the scalar property to.
+                You can directly pass a float or int value, which will be interpreted with
                 a default unit of Cells. You may also provide a string such as ``"50%"``,
                 as you might do when writing CSS. If a string with no units is supplied,
                 Cells will be used as the unit. Alternatively, you can directly supply
@@ -89,8 +88,9 @@ class ScalarProperty:
         """
         if value is None:
             obj.clear_rule(self.name)
+            obj.refresh(layout=True)
             return
-        if isinstance(value, float):
+        if isinstance(value, float) or isinstance(value, int):
             new_value = Scalar(float(value), Unit.CELLS, Unit.WIDTH)
         elif isinstance(value, Scalar):
             new_value = value
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class ScalarProperty:
             except ScalarParseError:
                 raise StyleValueError("unable to parse scalar from {value!r}")
         else:
-            raise StyleValueError("expected float, Scalar, or None")
+            raise StyleValueError("expected float, int, Scalar, or None")
         if new_value is not None and new_value.unit not in self.units:
             raise StyleValueError(
                 f"{self.name} units must be one of {friendly_list(get_symbols(self.units))}"
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class ScalarProperty:
         if new_value is not None and new_value.is_percent:
             new_value = Scalar(float(new_value.value), self.percent_unit, Unit.WIDTH)
         if obj.set_rule(self.name, new_value):
-            obj.refresh()
+            obj.refresh(layout=True)
 
 
 class BoxProperty:
@@ -208,7 +208,15 @@ class Edges(NamedTuple):
 
 
 class BorderProperty:
-    """Descriptor for getting and setting full borders and outlines."""
+    """Descriptor for getting and setting full borders and outlines.
+
+    Args:
+        layout (bool): True if the layout should be refreshed after setting, False otherwise.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, layout: bool) -> None:
+        self._layout = layout
 
     def __set_name__(self, owner: StylesBase, name: str) -> None:
         self.name = name
@@ -262,20 +270,22 @@ class BorderProperty:
             StyleValueError: When the supplied ``tuple`` is not of valid length (1, 2, or 4).
         """
         top, right, bottom, left = self._properties
-        obj.refresh()
         if border is None:
             clear_rule = obj.clear_rule
             clear_rule(top)
             clear_rule(right)
             clear_rule(bottom)
             clear_rule(left)
+            obj.refresh(layout=self._layout)
             return
         if isinstance(border, tuple):
             setattr(obj, top, border)
             setattr(obj, right, border)
             setattr(obj, bottom, border)
             setattr(obj, left, border)
+            obj.refresh(layout=self._layout)
             return
+
         count = len(border)
         if count == 1:
             _border = border[0]
@@ -286,8 +296,8 @@ class BorderProperty:
         elif count == 2:
             _border1, _border2 = border
             setattr(obj, top, _border1)
-            setattr(obj, right, _border1)
-            setattr(obj, bottom, _border2)
+            setattr(obj, bottom, _border1)
+            setattr(obj, right, _border2)
             setattr(obj, left, _border2)
         elif count == 4:
             _border1, _border2, _border3, _border4 = border
@@ -297,6 +307,7 @@ class BorderProperty:
             setattr(obj, left, _border4)
         else:
             raise StyleValueError("expected 1, 2, or 4 values")
+        obj.refresh(layout=self._layout)
 
 
 class StyleProperty:
@@ -537,9 +548,10 @@ class StringEnumProperty:
     value belongs in the set of valid values.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, valid_values: set[str], default: str) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, valid_values: set[str], default: str, layout=False) -> None:
         self._valid_values = valid_values
         self._default = default
+        self._layout = layout
 
     def __set_name__(self, owner: StylesBase, name: str) -> None:
         self.name = name
@@ -569,14 +581,14 @@ class StringEnumProperty:
 
         if value is None:
             if obj.clear_rule(self.name):
-                obj.refresh()
+                obj.refresh(layout=self._layout)
         else:
             if value not in self._valid_values:
                 raise StyleValueError(
                     f"{self.name} must be one of {friendly_list(self._valid_values)}"
                 )
             if obj.set_rule(self.name, value):
-                obj.refresh()
+                obj.refresh(layout=self._layout)
 
 
 class NameProperty:
diff --git a/src/textual/css/scalar.py b/src/textual/css/scalar.py
index 9ed1a0e4d..b10043f1a 100644
--- a/src/textual/css/scalar.py
+++ b/src/textual/css/scalar.py
@@ -156,6 +156,25 @@ class Scalar(NamedTuple):
             raise ScalarResolveError(f"expected dimensions; found {str(self)!r}")
         return dimension
 
+    def copy_with(
+        self,
+        value: float | None = None,
+        unit: Unit | None = None,
+        percent_unit: Unit | None = None,
+    ) -> Scalar:
+        """Get a copy of this Scalar, with values optionally modified
+
+        Args:
+            value (float | None): The new value, or None to keep the same value
+            unit (Unit | None): The new unit, or None to keep the same unit
+            percent_unit (Unit | None): The new percent_unit, or None to keep the same unit
+        """
+        return Scalar(
+            value if value is not None else self.value,
+            unit if unit is not None else self.unit,
+            percent_unit if percent_unit is not None else self.percent_unit,
+        )
+
 
 @rich.repr.auto(angular=True)
 class ScalarOffset(NamedTuple):
diff --git a/src/textual/css/styles.py b/src/textual/css/styles.py
index 89249ffef..34fcd2fc1 100644
--- a/src/textual/css/styles.py
+++ b/src/textual/css/styles.py
@@ -59,10 +59,9 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 class RulesMap(TypedDict, total=False):
     """A typed dict for CSS rules.
 
-    Any key may be absent, indiciating that rule has not been set.
+    Any key may be absent, indicating that rule has not been set.
 
     Does not define composite rules, that is a rule that is made of a combination of other rules.
-
     """
 
     display: Display
@@ -150,7 +149,7 @@ class StylesBase(ABC):
         "scrollbar_background_active",
     }
 
-    display = StringEnumProperty(VALID_DISPLAY, "block")
+    display = StringEnumProperty(VALID_DISPLAY, "block", layout=True)
     visibility = StringEnumProperty(VALID_VISIBILITY, "visible")
     layout = LayoutProperty()
 
@@ -164,19 +163,19 @@ class StylesBase(ABC):
     margin = SpacingProperty()
     offset = OffsetProperty()
 
-    border = BorderProperty()
+    border = BorderProperty(layout=True)
     border_top = BoxProperty(Color(0, 255, 0))
     border_right = BoxProperty(Color(0, 255, 0))
     border_bottom = BoxProperty(Color(0, 255, 0))
     border_left = BoxProperty(Color(0, 255, 0))
 
-    outline = BorderProperty()
+    outline = BorderProperty(layout=False)
     outline_top = BoxProperty(Color(0, 255, 0))
     outline_right = BoxProperty(Color(0, 255, 0))
     outline_bottom = BoxProperty(Color(0, 255, 0))
     outline_left = BoxProperty(Color(0, 255, 0))
 
-    box_sizing = StringEnumProperty(VALID_BOX_SIZING, "border-box")
+    box_sizing = StringEnumProperty(VALID_BOX_SIZING, "border-box", layout=True)
     width = ScalarProperty(percent_unit=Unit.WIDTH)
     height = ScalarProperty(percent_unit=Unit.HEIGHT)
     min_width = ScalarProperty(percent_unit=Unit.WIDTH)
diff --git a/src/textual/geometry.py b/src/textual/geometry.py
index 5fccc2728..1a8ab67bc 100644
--- a/src/textual/geometry.py
+++ b/src/textual/geometry.py
@@ -4,16 +4,13 @@ Functions and classes to manage terminal geometry (anything involving coordinate
 
 """
 
-
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from math import sqrt
 from typing import Any, cast, NamedTuple, Tuple, Union, TypeVar
 
-
 SpacingDimensions = Union[int, Tuple[int], Tuple[int, int], Tuple[int, int, int, int]]
 
-
 T = TypeVar("T", int, float)
 
 
@@ -632,11 +629,11 @@ class Spacing(NamedTuple):
     def unpack(cls, pad: SpacingDimensions) -> Spacing:
         """Unpack padding specified in CSS style."""
         if isinstance(pad, int):
-            return cls(pad, pad, pad, pad)
+            return Spacing.all(pad)
         pad_len = len(pad)
         if pad_len == 1:
             _pad = pad[0]
-            return cls(_pad, _pad, _pad, _pad)
+            return Spacing.all(_pad)
         if pad_len == 2:
             pad_top, pad_right = cast(Tuple[int, int], pad)
             return cls(pad_top, pad_right, pad_top, pad_right)
@@ -645,6 +642,18 @@ class Spacing(NamedTuple):
             return cls(top, right, bottom, left)
         raise ValueError(f"1, 2 or 4 integers required for spacing; {pad_len} given")
 
+    @classmethod
+    def vertical(cls, amount: int) -> Spacing:
+        return Spacing(amount, 0, amount, 0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def horizontal(cls, amount: int) -> Spacing:
+        return Spacing(0, amount, 0, amount)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def all(cls, amount: int) -> Spacing:
+        return Spacing(amount, amount, amount, amount)
+
     def __add__(self, other: object) -> Spacing:
         if isinstance(other, tuple):
             top1, right1, bottom1, left1 = self